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Physiology Exam 6 > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

_____ contain sarcomeres

A

Myofibrils

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2
Q

_____ is a bundle of myofibrils

A

Muscle cell/fiber

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3
Q

Endomysium surrounds?

A

Muscle fiber

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4
Q

____ is a bundle of muscle fibers

A

Muscle fasciculus

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5
Q

Perimysium surrounds?

A

Muscle fasciuli

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6
Q

Epimysium surrounds?

A

Whole muscle

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7
Q

__% of nerve fibers are efferent and __% are afferent

A

60% efferent, 40% afferent

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8
Q

Efferent nerve fibers in muscle are called?

A

Alpha motor neurons

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9
Q

Role of alpha motor neurons

A

Carry info into muscle

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10
Q

Afferent nerve fibers are associated with?

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors

2. Chemoreceptors

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11
Q

A triad is made of?

A

Cisternae + t-tubule + cisternae

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12
Q

Cisternae is associated with?

A

Calcium release

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13
Q

Cisternae is located between?

A

Longitudinal or light SR

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14
Q

What is calsequestrin?

A

Binding protein which reduces gradient

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15
Q

Calsequestrin plays a role in?

A

Ca reuptake

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16
Q

What is DHP?

A

T-tubule protein similar to voltage-sensitive Ca channel

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17
Q

What is ryanodine?

A

Functional Ca release channel

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18
Q

Sarcomere is defined from?

A

Z line to Z line

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19
Q

H zone during contraction

A

Gets smaller

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20
Q

I band during contraction

A

Gets smaller

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21
Q

Actin are _____ filaments

A

Thin

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22
Q

Myosin are _____ filaments

A

Thick

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23
Q

Which filaments make up A band?

A

Myosin

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24
Q

A band during contraction

A

Does not change length

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25
Q

What is the A band?

A

Length of the myosin

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26
Q

What is the H zone?

A

Length between actin filaments

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27
Q

What is the I band?

A

Distance between 2 discrete myosin filaments

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28
Q

2 types of myosin

A
  1. Light meromyosin

2. Heavy meromyosin

29
Q

Hinge region is located between?

A

Light and heavy meromyosin

30
Q

Hing region is active in?

A

Coupling chemical to mechanical energy

31
Q

Myosin ATPase is located on?

A

Myosin head

32
Q

2 isoenzymes of myosin ATPase

A
  1. Fast

2. Slow

33
Q

Fast twitch fibers are used for?

A

Locomotion

34
Q

Slow twitch fibers are used for?

A

Posture

35
Q

2 enzymes located in M-line

A
  1. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

2. Myokinase

36
Q

CPK catalyzes what reaction?

A

ADP + CrP → ATP + Cr

37
Q

Myokinase catalyzes what reaction?

A

ADP + ADP → ATP + AMP

38
Q

Tropomyosin plays what type of role?

A

Regulatory

39
Q

2 proteins on actin

A
  1. Tropomyosin

2. Troponin

40
Q

Major protein of Z-line

A

Alpha-actinin

41
Q

3 types of troponin

A
  1. TN-I
  2. TN-C
  3. TN-T
42
Q

TN-I function

A

Inhibits active binding site

43
Q

TN-C function

A

Contains Ca binding site

44
Q

TN-T function

A

Binds to tropomyosin

45
Q

Z-line during contraction

A

Gets shorter

46
Q

l(0) is?

A

Optimal length (Z-line to Z-line)

47
Q

Ideal l(0)

A

2.0-2.2 um

48
Q

1 myosin filament interacts with ___ actin filaments

A

6

49
Q

Titin function

A

Acts like anchor/spring to keep myosin filaments in place

50
Q

Nebulin function

A

Molecular ruler in assembly of actin

51
Q

Dystrophin function

A

Anchors contractile proteins to cellular membrane

52
Q

alpha-actinin function

A

Located in Z-line and connects actin filaments together

53
Q

Motor unit

A

Innervates one or more m. fibers

54
Q

All m. fibers connected to motor unit have same?

A

Contractile and metabolic properties

55
Q

Synaptic cleft is how wide?

A

50 nm

56
Q

Acetylcholinesterase functions

A

Cleaves Ach for reuptake into presynaptic cell

57
Q

When Ach binds to motor end plate, what happens?

A
  1. Na+ influx via gated ion chanel
  2. Depolarization (end plate potential)
  3. EEP comes out of cleft → starts AP across cell membrane
58
Q

Chemoreceptors are Group ___

A

Group IV

59
Q

Chemoreceptors sense?

A

[H+], K+, Pi

60
Q

3 types of mechanoreceptors

A
  1. Muscle spindles
  2. Golgi tendon organs
  3. Group III
61
Q

I(a) fibers aka?

A

Muscle spindles

62
Q

I(b) fibers aka?

A

Golgi tendon organs

63
Q

Group III fiber myelination

A

Thinly myelinated

64
Q

GTO activation

A

Inhibits alpha-motor neuron output

65
Q

Muscle spindles run parallel with?

A

Extrafusal fibers

66
Q

Primary annulospiral ending function

A

Quick responders to changes in muscle length (dynamic)

67
Q

Secondary flower-spray ending function

A

Tonic input to m. length (static)

68
Q

Gamma efferents stimulate intrafiusal fibers to?

A

Contract

69
Q

Alpha-motor neuron stimulates intrafusal fibers to/

A

Contract

Physiology Exam 6 (7 decks)

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