muscle Flashcards
what is cardiac muscle
muscle in heart walls
what is involuntary muscle
smooth muscle which contracts without conscious control
what is a neuromuscular junction
structure at which a nerve meets the muscle, it is similar to a synapse
what is skeletal striated muscle
muscle under voluntary control
what are the two protein filaments in muscle cells which cause contraction
actin
myosin
muscles cant elongate without an …
antagonist
what are the three muscle types
involuntary
cardiac
voluntary
what are the shape of smooth muscle cells
spindle shaped
what is contained in smooth muscle cells
nucleus
bundle of protein filaments- actin and
where is smooth muscle located-
in tubular structures, such as blood vessels
where is cardiac muscle located
muscular part of the heart
describe cardiac muscle cells
form long fibres, which branch and from cross bridges
cardiac muscle forms cross bridges, what is the advantage of this
cross bridges ensure electrical stimulation is distributed evenly over chamber walls.
cardiac muscle contains intercalated discs, what do they do
specialised cell surface membrane which produce neuromuscular junctions allowing free diffusion of ions.
what does it mean if cardiac muscle is myogenic
it initiates its own contraction
what controls the contraction if the cardiac muscle
SAN
how does cardiac muscle appear in a micrograph
appears striped and as long fibres
where is skeletal muscle located
occurs at joints in the skeleton
what does skeletal muscle contraction cause for the skeleton
bending or straightening of joint
skeletal muscle cells from fibres, what is different about these muscle fibres compared to the others?
skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleate and surrounded by a sarcolemma
what is the name given to muscle cell cytoplasm
sarcoplasm
what is organelles are present in the sarcoplasm
mitochondria
sarcoplasmic reticulum (specialised ER)
what are myofibrils
component of skeletal muscle, that consists of thin and thick filaments arranged in sacromeres
what do sacromeres contain
contain actin and myosin which are arranged in different banded patterns
what are the two bands in skeletal muscle, and what are the difference between the two
A bands- dark
I bands- light
what nervous system stimulates contraction
somatic nervous system
what is an electromyograph
equipment which investigated electrical activity of muscles
when investigating muscle and contraction, what does the amplitude represent
high amplitude represents powerful contraction.
what is the trace produced from an electromyograph called
electromyogram
what is the motor unit
controls precision and force of movement, motor neurones divide and connect to several muscle fibres to cause a stronger contraction
