coordinating response

Question 1

what is adenyl cyclase

Answer 1

intracellular enzyme activated by certain hormones which converts ATP to cyclic AMP.

Question 2

cyclic AMP

Answer 2

secondary messenger released inside cells to activate a response

Question 3

when is fight or flight stimulated

Answer 3

when threat to survival is detected

Question 4

what type of behaviour in mammals is initiated when survival is threatened

Answer 4

physiological behaviours are initiated to prepare for activity

Question 5

name some physiological behaviours in response to fight or flight

Answer 5

pupils dilate

metabolic rate increase

ventilation increase

arterioles near muscles dilate

Question 6

what is the survival value of pupils dilate

Answer 6

more light can enter eyes, retina becomes more sensitive

Question 7

what is the survival value of the metabolic rate increasing

Answer 7

faster rate of respiration, more glucose conversion to make ATP

Question 8

what is the survival value of the ventilation rate increases

Answer 8

increase gaseous exchange so more oxygen enters the blood and supplies respiration

Question 9

what is the role of the external receptors

Answer 9

detect external threat

Question 10

what is the survival value of the arterioles near the muscles dilating

Answer 10

larger volume of blood is supplied to muscles

Question 11

give an example of external receptors

Answer 11

eyes, ears, nose

Question 12

what do internal receptors do

Answer 12

detect internal threats such as increase in blood pressure or pain

Question 13

what part of the brain uses sensory input to coordinate a response

Answer 13

cerebrum

Question 14

the first step of coordinating a response is?

Answer 14

input feeds sensory centres in the cerebrum

Question 15

what happens once cerebrum has received input

Answer 15

cererbum stimulates hypothalamus if threat is detected

Question 16

what happens after the cerebrum has stimulated the hypothalamus

Answer 16

the hypothalamys increases activity in the sympathetic nervous system and stimulates hormones from pituitary gland

Question 17

in the sympathetic system, describe the length of the pre ganglionic neurones and the post ganglionic neurones

Answer 17

sympathetic

pre- short
post- long

Question 18

at what times is the sympathetic system most active

Answer 18

active at times of stress

Question 19

what is the neurotransmitter present in the sympathetic system

Answer 19

noradrenaline

Question 20

what nervous system is the sympathetic nervous system part of

Answer 20

autonomic system

Question 21

How come the hypothalamus stimulates the nervous sytem and the endocrine system

Answer 21

because there is a requirement for both a rapid response and prolonged response.

Question 22

when the sympathetic system is stimulated, adrenaline is released. Where is it released from

Answer 22

Adrenal Medulla

Question 23

what is the first messenger and second messenger used in the sympathetic response

Answer 23

adrenaline- first
cyclic AMP- second

Question 24

what happens when adrenaline binds to receptors on the plasma membrane

Answer 24

adrenaline stimulates “G proteins” To activate Adenyl Cyclase