Murray Reid Flashcards
What causes syphilis?
Treponema Pallidum - a spirochaete
What are the features of syphilis?
Onset 9-90 days post exposure
Anogenital ulceration
Rash
ocular lesions
neurological signs
Primary and then secondary features:
Primary: 14-21 days after
Initially papular then ulcerates.
Secondary: 4-10 weeks after primary lesion - due to haematogenous spread -> may have systemic symptoms
- rash
- mucus membrane lesions
How do you diagnose syphilis?
Dark field microscopy or direct fluorescent antibody test
ELISA for proteins from treponema pallidum.
RPR test - check for antibodies against T pallidum in the blood
TPPA - treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay -
How do you treat syphilis?
Benzathine penicillin - 1 butt injection
If allergy then doxycycline - 14 days
What causes herpes?
HSV-1 and HSV-2 - transmitted from skin to skin or mucosea to mucosa.
Virions from blister or ulcer or sheading during sex
Causes cellular destruction of the epidermis
How do you diagnose herpes?
PCR from ulcer (not wart)
How do you treat herpes?
Aciclovir - targets an enzyme important for viral replcation
What causes anogenital warts?
HPV - goes through splits of skin
How is urethritis defined?
A condition occurring in symptomatic males with >5 pMNL
Discharge and dysurea
Where does the dyscharge come from in urethritis in males and females?
Littre’s lands (urethral glands) in males
In females: cervical mucus. (cervicitis), genital candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis
What is the pathogen that causes chlamydia?
chlamydia
Gram -ve
Goes into cell and uses host ATP for reproduction. Causes cell rupture.
What are the features of chlymadia?
Mild and self-limiting initially
Antibodies developed against the bacteria -> neutrilisation.
How do you diagnose chylamidia?
ELISA
PCR
Use urine in males and vulvovaginal swab in women.
what is the treatment for chylamidia?
Azythromycin or doxycycline
No resistance
Get partner treated
What are the risk factors for azithromycin?
GI side effects
Long Q-T syndrome
