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Cardiovascular* > Murmurs - Valve Disease + Congenital Defects > Flashcards

Murmurs - Valve Disease + Congenital Defects Flashcards

1
Q

Why are murmurs heard?

A

Turbulent blood flow against valves

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2
Q

What murmurs are in time with the carotid pulse?

A

Systolic

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3
Q

Right-sided murmurs are louder on…?

A

Inspiration

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4
Q

What is a thrill?

A

A palpable murmur

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5
Q

What is a heave?

A

Buzz due to VH

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6
Q

What valve disease causes malaria flush?

A

Mitral stenosis

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7
Q

Pan-systolic that radiates to axilla

A

Mitral regurgitation

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8
Q

Tapping apex

A

Mitral stenosis

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9
Q

Water-hammer pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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10
Q

Ejection systolic radiates to carotids

A

Aortic stenosis

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11
Q

Caused by papilla rupture

A

Mitral regurgitation

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12
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

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13
Q

High pitched murmur, blowing in nature

A

All regurgitations

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14
Q

Associated with AF

A

Mitral stenosis

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15
Q

Associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Aortic stenosis

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16
Q

S4

A

Aortic stenosis

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17
Q

Displaced apex

A

MR + AR

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18
Q

SAD triad of symptoms

A

Aortic stenosis - syncope, angina and dyspnoea

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19
Q

Heaving apex

A

Aortic stenosis

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20
Q

Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

A

Mitral stenosis

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21
Q

Early diastolic murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation

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22
Q

Ankle swelling as a result of

A

Mitral regurgitation

23
Q

Slow-rising pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

24
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation + PDA

25
Q

Loud pan-systolic murmur with no radiation

A

Ventricular septal defect

26
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

VSD, overriding aorta, pul stenosis (RV outflow obstruction + RVH

27
Q

Eisenmenger’s complex

A

L–>R shunt of VSD is changed to R –> L

28
Q

Shunt of VSD

A

L–>R (before eisenmenger’s)

29
Q

Shunt of PDA

A

L–>R

30
Q

Connection between aorta and pulmonary artery

A

PDA

31
Q

Bounding pulse

A

PDA

32
Q

Radial-radial delay

A

Coarctation of aorta, aortic dissection

33
Q

Diminished, absent lower limb pulses

A

Coarctation of aorta

34
Q

Rib-notching on CXR

A

Coarctation of aorta

35
Q

Causes of coarctation of aorta

A

Bicuspid aortic valve, circle of Willis aneurysm

36
Q

Pan-systolic murmur –> low left sternal edge, loudest on inspiration

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

37
Q

Valve disease of IVDU

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

38
Q

Late systolic at apex radiating to axilla

A

Mitral prolapse

39
Q

Mid-systolic click

A

Mitral prolapse

40
Q

Continuous, machine-like murmur

A

PDA

41
Q

What is the transposition of great vessels

A

RV –> aorta, LV –> pul artery

42
Q

Baby born cyanosed

A

Transposition of great vessels

43
Q

Dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, atrial arrhythmias, pulmonary mid-systolic murmur with RV heave

A

Atrial septal defect

44
Q

3 types of ASD

A

Sinus venous defect, ostium secundum defect, ostium primium

45
Q

Sinus venous defect, where?

A

Superior septum near SVC, inferior septum near IVC

46
Q

Ostium secundum defect

A

Mid-septum (fossa ovals)

47
Q

Ostium primium

A

Lower part of atrial septum

48
Q

What is the pattern of congenital heart defects?

A

Predominantly male (ASD and PDA females)

49
Q

Treatment of MS

A

Balloon valvotomy

Diuretics, B-blockers, digoxin

50
Q

Treatment of MR

A

Diuretics and ACEI

Surgery

51
Q

Treatment of AS

A

Balloon valvotomy (/TAVI for frail)

52
Q

Treatment of AR

A

Diuretics and ACEI

53
Q

Caused by Marfan’s or UC

A

Aortic regurgitation

54
Q

Caused by SLE

A

Aortic regurgitation

Cardiovascular* (10 decks)

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