murmurs Flashcards
cause of 1st heart sound
closing of AV valves at start of systolic contraction of ventricles
what does a 3rd heart sound indicated in an elderly person
Heart failure - as the ventricles & chordae tendinae are stiff and weak
name 2 systolic murmurs
aortic stenosis
mitral regurgitation
where is aortic stenosis heard loudest
on right sternal edge, 2nd intercostal soace
where does aortic stenosis radiate to
carotids
where is aortic regurgitation heard loudest
left sternal edge, 4th intercostal space, patient leaning forwards, holding breath in expiration
where is mitral regurgitation heard loudest?
& where does it radiate
apex of heart
radiates to axilla
how is mitral stenosis heard loudest?
what does it sound like?
loudest at apex, patient in left lateral position
bell of steth
rumbling, descrescendo murmur starting after an opening snap in diastole
cause of malar flush & what is it associated with
Due to back pressure of blood into the pulmonary system causing rise in CO2 & vasodilation
mitral stenosis
4 causes of Mitral regurg
- IHD
- Infective endocarditis
- Rheumatic heart disease
- connective tissue disorder e.g. Ehlers danlos & marfan
2 causes of Aortic stenosis
- Idiopathic age related calcification
- Rheumatic heart disease
another name for collapsing pulse & what murmur its associated with
Corrigan’s pulse
Aortic regurgitation
what is collapsing pulse and what causes it
rapidly appearing & disappearing pulse
as the blood is pumped out of the ventricles and then immediately flows back through the aortic valve back into the ventricles
2 causes of aortic regurgitation
- idiopathic age related weakness
- connective tissue disorders: Ehlers Danlos & marfans
2 causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
&
infective endocarditis
affect of mitral regurg on left atria & why
left atria dilatation
the leaky valve allows blood to flow back into chamber and stretches the muscle
what causes left ventricular dilatation and why
aortic regurg
the leaky valve allows blood to flow back into chamber and stretches the muscle
what murmur causes left atrial dilatation
mitral stenosis
what murmur causes left ventricular hypertrophy
aortic stenosis
