Murmurs

Question 1

Turbulences of blood is influenced by which number..

Answer 1

Reynolds number

Factors in velocity, density and diameter

Question 2

Describe the grading of heart murmurs

Answer 2

Grade 1- barely audible
2 - murmur quieter than S1/S2
3 - murmur as loud as S1/S2
4 - murmur louder than S1/S2
5 - very loud with palpable thrill
6 - audible with stethoscope off chest wall

Question 3

Name 2 left sided systolic murmurs

Answer 3

Mitral valve regurgitation (pathological)

Aortic flow murmur (physiological/functional)

Question 4

Name 2 left sided diastolic murmur

Answer 4

Aortic valve regurgitation (pathological)

Ventricular filling murmur (physiological/functional)

Question 5

Name 2 right sided systolic murmurs

Answer 5

Tricuspid valve regurgitation

Ventricular septal defect

Question 6

What grades of mitral valve murmurs require monitoring? When is further investigation advised?

Answer 6

Grades 1-2 = monitor

Grades 3 + = investigate

Question 7

What grades of tricuspid valve murmurs require monitoring? When is further investigation advised?

Answer 7

Grades 1-3 = monitor

Grades 4 + = investigate

Question 8

Where is a ventricular septal defect heard? (What type of murmur?)

Answer 8

Pansystolic R sided

rarely L sided

Question 9

What murmur is left sided holodiastolic, with a PMI at the heart base?

Answer 9

Aortic valve insufficiency (older horses)
Aortic regurgitation (teenages)

Question 10

What murmur is continuous with a PMI at the L heart base?

Answer 10

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 11

Patent ductus arteriosus causes a continous murmur. How long is this normal for in neonates?

Answer 11

Up to 5 days