Equine oedema and vascular disease

Question 1

Name the 4 mechanisms of oedema

Answer 1

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Increases capillary permeability

Question 2

Arterial aneurysm and rupture is most commonly of which vessel in stallions?

Answer 2

Aortic root

Question 3

What thrombosis has an unknown aetiology but is thought to be associated with S. vulgaris? Clinical signs include lameness and hindlimb pain

Answer 3

Aortiliac thrombosis

Question 4

What is the reservoir for Equine Viral Arteritis (notifiable)?

Answer 4

Carrier stallions

Question 5

Immune mediated vasculitis can be local (urticaria, wheals) or general (swollen limbs/head/purpura haemorrhagica). What causes type 1 and type 3 immune-mediated vasculitis?

Answer 5

Type 1 - IgE (histamine)

Type 3 - immune complexes

Question 6

Jugular catheters can cause thrombophlebitis, especially if in the presence of a hyper coagulable state. Give an example of a syndrome that can cause hyper-coaguability

Answer 6

SIRS/endotoxaemia

Question 7

Which type of catheter is more thrombogenic - teflon or polyurethrane/silicone?

Answer 7

Teflon - more thrombogenic

Question 8

Lymphangitis or ‘fat leg, Monday morning’ is common. What is it and what is it cauesd by?

Answer 8

Inflammation/infection of lymph vessels
Often unknown cause if primary
May be secondary to penetrating wound or cellulitis

Question 9

How is lymphangitis treated?

Answer 9

NSAIDs or steroids
Antimicrobials
Topical cleaning
Cold hosing
Encourage walking
Tetanus prophylaxis

Question 10

Lymphangitis horses normally weight bear on the limb. What pathogen is usually involved?

Answer 10

Staphylococcus