Munus Sanctificandi - Kowal (Prepared: Hastings)

Question 1

4 General Components of Validity

Answer 1

1. Matter and Form
2. Intention (Minister and Recipient)
3. Capacity (Minister and Recipient)
4. (Rarely) Solemnities ad validitatem

Question 2

Baptism: Matter and Form

Answer 2

Matter: Water (Immersion, Infusion, Sprinkling)
Form: I baptize you in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.

Question 3

Confirmation: Matter and Form

Answer 3

Matter: Chrism and the Laying on of Hands
Form: Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit.

Question 4

Eucharist: Matter and Form

Answer 4

Matter: Bread and Wine
Form: Words of Institution

Question 5

Penance: Matter and Form

Answer 5

Matter: Sins, Contrition, Confession, Satisfaction
Form: Words of Absolution

Question 6

Anointing: Matter and Form

Answer 6

Matter: Anointing with Holy Oil and Imposition of Hands
Form: Through this Holy Anointing…May the Lord who free you from sin…

Question 7

Baptism: Minister

Answer 7

Ordinary: Bishop, Priest or Deacon. The pastor has particular task of being solicitous for his subjects (530)
In case of necessity: Anyone who intends to do what the Church asks (861.2)

Question 8

How is Baptism different from all other Sacraments?

Answer 8

Classic Example: Anyone can baptize

Question 9

Is Baptism necessary for salvation?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Is Baptism the doorway to the other Sacraments?

Answer 10

Yes.

Question 11

Baptism: Pastor’s obligation for preparation

Answer 11

Can. 843 §1. Sacred ministers cannot deny the sacraments to those who seek them at appropriate times, are properly disposed, and are not prohibited by law from receiving them.

§2. Pastors of souls and other members of the Christian faithful, according to their respective ecclesiastical function, have the duty to take care that those who seek the sacraments are prepared to receive them by proper evangelization and catechetical instruction, attentive to the norms issued by competent authority.

Question 12

Baptism: Preparation of Adults

Answer 12

Can. 851 The celebration of baptism must be prepared properly; consequently:

1/ an adult who intends to receive baptism is to be admitted to the catechumenate and is to be led insofar as possible through the various stages to sacramental initiation, according to the order of initiation adapted by the conference of bishops and the special norms issued by it;

Question 13

Baptism: Preparation of Infants: Who and how.

Answer 13

Can. 851 The celebration of baptism must be prepared properly; consequently:…
2/ the parents of an infant to be baptized and those who are to undertake the function of sponsor are to be instructed properly on the meaning of this sacrament and the obligations attached to it. The pastor personally or through others is to take care that the parents are properly instructed through both pastoral advice and common prayer, bringing several families together and, where possible, visiting them.

Question 14

Baptism: Who can receive this?

Answer 14

Can. 864 Every person not yet baptized and only such a person is capable of baptism.

Question 15

Baptism: When can adults receive?

Answer 15

Can. 865 §1. For an adult to be baptized, the person must have manifested the intention to receive baptism, have been instructed sufficiently about the truths of the faith and Christian obligations, and have been tested in the Christian life through the catechumenate. The adult is also to be urged to have sorrow for personal sins.

§2. An adult in danger of death can be baptized if, having some knowledge of the principal truths of the faith, the person has manifested in any way at all the intention to receive baptism and promises to observe the commandments of the Christian religion.

Question 16

Baptism: When can infants receive licitly?

Answer 16

Can. 868 §1. For an infant to be baptized licitly:

1/ the parents or at least one of them or the person who legitimately takes their place must consent;

2/ there must be a founded hope that the infant will be brought up in the Catholic religion; if such hope is altogether lacking, the baptism is to be delayed according to the prescripts of particular law after the parents have been advised about the reason.

§2. An infant of Catholic parents or even of non-Catholic parents is baptized licitly in danger of death even against the will of the parents.

Question 17

Confirmation: What is it?

Answer 17

Can. 879 The sacrament of confirmation strengthens the baptized and obliges them more firmly to be witnesses of Christ by word and deed and to spread and defend the faith. It imprints a character, enriches by the gift of the Holy Spirit the baptized continuing on the path of Christian initiation, and binds them more perfectly to the Church.

Question 18

Baptism: What is it?

Answer 18

Can. 849 Baptism, the gateway to the sacraments and necessary for salvation by actual reception or at least by desire, is validly conferred only by a washing of true water with the proper form of words. Through baptism men and women are freed from sin, are reborn as children of God, and, configured to Christ by an indelible character, are incorporated into the Church.

Question 19

Confirmation: Minister

Answer 19

Can. 882 The ordinary minister of confirmation is a bishop; a presbyter provided with this faculty in virtue of universal law or the special grant of the competent authority also confers this sacrament validly.

Question 20

Confirmation: Capacity to Administer de iure: Who’s got it?

Answer 20

Can. 883 The following possess the faculty of administering confirmation by the law itself:

1/ within the boundaries of their jurisdiction, those who are equivalent in law to a diocesan bishop;

2/ as regards the person in question, the presbyter who by virtue of office or mandate of the diocesan bishop baptizes one who is no longer an infant or admits one already baptized into the full communion of the Catholic Church;

3/ as regards those who are in danger of death, the pastor or indeed any presbyter.

Question 21

Confirmation: Can you subdelegate or associate?

Answer 21

Can. 884 §1. The diocesan bishop is to administer confirmation personally or is to take care that another bishop administers it. If necessity requires it, he can grant the faculty to one or more specific presbyters, who are to administer this sacrament.

§2. For a grave cause the bishop and even the presbyter endowed with the faculty of confirming in virtue of the law or the special grant of the competent authority can in single cases also associate presbyters with themselves to administer the sacrament.

Question 22

Confirmation: Who can receive?

Answer 22

Can. 889 §1. Every baptized person not yet confirmed and only such a person is capable of receiving confirmation.

§2. To receive confirmation licitly outside the danger of death requires that a person who has the use of reason be suitably instructed, properly disposed, and able to renew the baptismal promises.

Question 23

Confirmation: Are we obliged to receive?

Answer 23

Can. 890 The faithful are obliged to receive this sacrament at the proper time. Parents and pastors of souls, especially pastors of parishes, are to take care that the faithful are properly instructed to receive the sacrament and come to it at the appropriate time.

Question 24

Eucharist: What is it?

Answer 24

Can. 897 The most August sacrament is the Most Holy Eucharist in which Christ the Lord himself is contained, offered, and received and by which the Church continually lives and grows. The eucharistic sacrifice, the memorial of the death and resurrection of the Lord, in which the sacrifice of the cross is perpetuated through the ages is the summit and source of all worship and Christian life, which signifies and effects the unity of the People of God and brings about the building up of the body of Christ. Indeed, the other sacraments and all the ecclesiastical works of the apostolate are closely connected with the Most Holy Eucharist and ordered to it.

Question 25

Eucharist: Three Aspects of 897 (Answer to, What is it?)

Answer 25

1. Christ present in Eucharist
2. Christ offered in Eucharist
3. Christ as food in Eucharist

Question 26

Eucharist: What two things does it do in regards to unity? (897)

Answer 26

Signifies and effects it. Cf. 205

Question 27

Eucharist: Can priest concelebrate with non-Catholic ministers?

Answer 27

No! Can. 908 Catholic priests are forbidden to concelebrate the Eucharist with priests or ministers of Churches or ecclesial communities which do not have full communion with the Catholic Church.

Question 28

Eucharist: c. 915: For excommunicated or interdicted? Obstinately persevering in manifest grave sin? (External Forum)

Answer 28

Can. 915 Those who have been excommunicated or interdicted after the imposition or declaration of the penalty and others obstinately persevering in manifest grave sin are not to be admitted to holy communion.

Question 29

Eucharist: c. 915. What about those who are conscious of serious sin only in the internal forum? What is their obligation? What is the obligation of the minister who only knows something in the i internal forum?

Answer 29

Can. 916 A person who is conscious of grave sin is not to celebrate Mass or receive the body of the Lord without previous sacramental confession unless there is a grave reason and there is no opportunity to confess; in this case the person is to remember the obligation to make an act of perfect contrition which includes the resolution of confessing as soon as possible.

Question 30

Eucharist: Is 915 a penal canon?

Answer 30

Nope. It is disciplinary.

Question 31

Eucharist: What is the standard of 915? In other words, what is the threshold at needs to be met before it applies?

Answer 31

Imposed and declared penalty or manifest, grave, obstinate perseverance in sin

Question 32

Eucharist: Does 915 require grave matter or grave sin? How is the text informed by the context?

Answer 32

Text says sin, but this is necessarily in the external forum, so it must only be grave matter.

Question 33

Eucharist: What is 915 “manifest”?

Answer 33

Generally known

Question 34

Eucharist: Is someone required to give a warning to a 915er before denial?

Answer 34

No. It is not penal. That said, pastoral practice would likely include a warning. Also, remember that this has to be objective, external, extending in time, and that a person has no will to end their practice.

Question 35

Eucharist: Does 915 bind EMHCs?

Answer 35

Yup.

Question 36

Eucharist: More on Matter. What are the specific characteristics of the matter?

Answer 36

Matter: merely wheaten, recently made bread

unaltered grape wine, though water is added at the august Sacrifice

Question 37

Eucharist: Doubtful Matter. Can you use it? What about modified matter for those with intolerance or alcoholism? Can those who have an intolerance or alcoholism be admitted to the priesthood.

Answer 37

Do not use. Can use low-gluten. Those with intolerances or alcoholism are not to be admitted to the priesthood.

Question 38

Eucharist: Quid est nefas?

Answer 38

Can. 927 It is absolutely forbidden, even in extreme urgent necessity, to consecrate one matter without the other or even both outside the eucharistic celebration. (Others: seal of confession, sale of relics, coercing ordination)

Question 39

Eucharist: Mass Offerings

Answer 39

an. 945 §1. In accord with the approved practice of the Church, any priest celebrating or concelebrating is permitted to receive an offering to apply the Mass for a specific intention.

§2. It is recommended earnestly to priests that they celebrate Mass for the intention of the Christian faithful, especially the needy, even if they have not received an offering.

Can. 946 The Christian faithful who give an offering to apply the Mass for their intention contribute to the good of the Church and by that offering share its concern to support its ministers and works.

Can. 947 Any appearance of trafficking or trading is to be excluded entirely from the offering for Masses.

Can. 948 Separate Masses are to be applied for the intentions of those for whom a single offering, although small, has been given and accepted.

Can. 949 A person obliged to celebrate and apply Mass for the intention of those who gave an offering is bound by the obligation even if the offerings received have been lost through no fault of his own.

Question 40

Eucharist: Mass Offerings, Large Sums

Answer 40

Can. 950 If a sum of money is offered for the application of Masses without an indication of the number of Masses to be celebrated, the number is to be computed on the basis of the offering established in the place where the donor resides, unless the intention of the donor must be presumed legitimately to have been different.

Question 41

Penance: What is it?

Answer 41

Can. 959 In the sacrament of penance the faithful who confess their sins to a legitimate minister, are sorry for them, and intend to reform themselves obtain from God through the absolution imparted by the same minister forgiveness for the sins they have committed after baptism and, at the same, time are reconciled with the Church which they have wounded by sinning.

Question 42

Penance: Minister

Answer 42

Ordinary: Bishop or Priest with faculties
Danger of Death: Any priest

Can. 966 §1. The valid absolution of sins requires that the minister have, in addition to the power of orders, the faculty of exercising it for the faithful to whom he imparts absolution.

§2. A priest can be given this faculty either by the law itself or by a grant made by the competent authority according to the norm of ⇒ can. 969.

Can. 976 Even though a priest lacks the faculty to hear confessions, he absolves validly and licitly any penitents whatsoever in danger of death from any censures and sins, even if an approved priest is present.

Question 43

Penance: When can I give general absolution?

Answer 43

Short answer: When the plane’s wings have been sheared off and the mountain is getting closer and closer…

Can. 959 In the sacrament of penance the faithful who confess their sins to a legitimate minister, are sorry for them, and intend to reform themselves obtain from God through the absolution imparted by the same minister forgiveness for the sins they have committed after baptism and, at the same, time are reconciled with the Church which they have wounded by sinning.

Question 44

Penance: Where should Confessions be heard?

Answer 44

Can. 964 §1. The proper place to hear sacramental confessions is a church or oratory.

§2. The conference of bishops is to establish norms regarding the confessional; it is to take care, however, that there are always confessionals with a fixed grate between the penitent and the confessor in an open place so that the faithful who wish to can use them freely.

§3. Confessions are not to be heard outside a confessional without a just cause.

Question 45

Penance: Where can cardinals hear Confessions?

Answer 45

Can. 967 §1. In addition to the Roman Pontiff, cardinals have the faculty of hearing the confessions of the Christian faithful everywhere in the world by the law itself. Bishops likewise have this faculty and use it licitly everywhere unless the diocesan bishop has denied it in a particular case.

Question 46

Penance: If I have faculties, where can I hear Confessions? (Portability of faculties) Three ways of getting faculties?

Answer 46

§2. Those who possess the faculty of hearing confessions habitually whether by virtue of office or by virtue of the grant of an ordinary of the place of incardination or of the place in which they have a domicile can exercise that faculty everywhere unless the local ordinary has denied it in a particular case, without prejudice to the prescripts of ⇒ can. 974, §§2 and 3.

§3. Those who are provided with the faculty of hearing confessions by reason of office or grant of a competent superior according to the norm of cann. ⇒ 968, §2 and ⇒ 969, §2 possess the same faculty everywhere by the law itself as regards members and others living day and night in the house of the institute or society; they also use the faculty licitly unless some major superior has denied it in a particular case as regards his own subjects.

Can. 968 §1. In virtue of office, a local ordinary, canon penitentiary, a pastor, and those who take the place of a pastor possess the faculty of hearing confessions, each within his jurisdiction.

§2. In virtue of their office, superiors of religious institutes or societies of apostolic life that are clerical and of pontifical right, who have executive power of governance according to the norm of their constitutions, possess the faculty of hearing the confessions of their subjects and of others living day and night in the house, without prejudice to the prescript of ⇒ can. 630, §4.

By law, By office, by Delegation

Question 47

Penance: 977: What about the 6th commandment? When can a priest absolve an accomplice? When is that absolution invalid?

Answer 47

Can. 977 The absolution of an accomplice in a sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue is invalid except in danger of death.

Question 48

Penance: 983: Quid est nefas?

Answer 48

Can. 983 §1. The sacramental seal is inviolable; therefore it is absolutely forbidden for a confessor to betray in any way a penitent in words or in any manner and for any reason.

§2. The interpreter, if there is one, and all others who in any way have knowledge of sins from confession are also obliged to observe secrecy.

Question 49

Penance: Is the seal divine law? If so, whom does it offend?

Answer 49

It is divine law. To break it is a direct offense to God.

Question 50

Penance: Can the seal be claimed outside of Confession?

Answer 50

No.

Question 51

Penance: Does spiritual direction have the seal?

Answer 51

No.

Question 52

Penance: If a person seeks to mock the Sacrament, does the seal apply?

Answer 52

No. But you might think of assiduously applying your foot to the other person…

Question 53

Penance: Can seal be dispensed? Why or why not?

Answer 53

No. Why? Divine law.

Question 54

Penance: Does the seal exist if a person knows you can’t absolve, but still confesses?

Answer 54

No.

Question 55

Penance: Primary Object of Seal

Answer 55

Sin and all things necessarily connected to it and known from confession

Question 56

Penance: Secondary Object of Seal

Answer 56

Things connected, but not sins. These are accidentals, such as psychological defects, opinions, etc.

Question 57

Penance: Direct Violation of Seal

Answer 57

Such that another person knows sinner and sin, both the primary and secondary objects

Question 58

Penance: Indirect Violation of Seal

Answer 58

Communicating in such a way that deductions re: primary and secondary objects can be known

Question 59

Penance: Penal Issues: Direct Violation

Answer 59

Reserved, latae sententiae, Process via CDF, excomm removed by ApSee via Penitentiary, Nefas

Question 60

Penance: Penal Issues: Indirect Violation

Answer 60

Process via CDF, excomm removed by ApSee via Penitentiary, Nefas

Question 61

Penance: Penitent: How?

Answer 61

Can. 987 To receive the salvific remedy of the sacrament of penance, a member of the Christian faithful must be disposed in such a way that, rejecting sins committed and having a purpose of amendment, the person is turned back to God.

Can. 988 §1. A member of the Christian faithful is obliged to confess in kind and number all grave sins committed after baptism and not yet remitted directly through the keys of the Church nor acknowledged in individual confession, of which the person has knowledge after diligent examination of conscience.

§2. It is recommended to the Christian faithful that they also confess venial sins.

Question 62

Penance: Penitent: When bound annually?

Answer 62

Yup. Can. 989 After having reached the age of discretion, each member of the faithful is obliged to confess faithfully his or her grave sins at least once a year.

Question 63

Penance: Is it the only way for reconciliation of grave sinner?

Answer 63

Can. 960 Individual and integral confession and absolution constitute the only ordinary means by which a member of the faithful conscious of grave sin is reconciled with God and the Church. Only physical or moral impossibility excuses from confession of this type; in such a case reconciliation can be obtained by other means.