Mumbai - Urbanisation

Question 0

Dharavi Facts

Answer 0

• biggest slum in Asia
• N of Mumbai = restricts city’s growth
• built between 2 main railways
• more than 1 million people per 1 mile2
• built on swamp ground = mosquito infested and undesirable

Question 1

Dharavi Location

Answer 1

North of Mumbai on the west coast of India, next to Arabian Sea

Question 2

Dharavi Positives

Answer 2

• the ‘buzz’/lively atmosphere/community feeling
• 85% of people have a job - local markets in the slum settlement - $1 billion per year
• some do manage to get a better job in the city and send money home

Question 3

Dharavi Negatives

Answer 3

• not enough water to go around - daily deficit of 552 million litres
• open sewers = health hazard/disease = 4000 cases of illness per day (children play in contaminated water)
• air pollution is high - lots of cars/factories in nearby city
• no rubbish collection (as streets at too narrow) = waste builds up on railway, roads etc
• very cramped (1 million people/mile2)
• shared toilets - 500 people per toilet = poor sanitation

Question 4

Slum Life

Answer 4

• houses built from scrap material
• open sewers/few toilets (in bad state)
• narrow streets/small houses
• few schools/health facilities
• no running water/no electricity (often illegally rigged homes to electricity)

Question 5

Key Features of Slums

Answer 5

• land insecurity (don’t own land = ‘squatters’)
• poor living conditions = disease (e.g. Cholera), overcrowding (often 1 family per room), open sewers etc
• high crime (e.g. drugs, prostitution, burglary, weapon smuggling)
• high unemployment (often illegal jobs like drug dealing, prostitution)
• increased population - large families, no family planning = worse living conditions

Question 6

What does Mumbai show?

Answer 6

• problems faced by cities in developing countries
• how the city is struggling to keep up with the rapid growth - has one of he fastest growing populations (1970 = 5 million, 2014 = 22 million)

Question 7

History of Mumbai

Answer 7

• originally series of fishing villages - now it’s a port (port know as ‘the gateway to India’)
• area around the port became industrialised/services grew = population growth

Question 8

What attracted people to Mumbai? (economic pull factors)

Answer 8

• India’s financial capital
• better jobs
• improving water supplies = offers employment in public services

Question 9

What attracted people to Mumbai? (social pull factors)

Answer 9

• good schools and universities
• better healthcare (doctors, hospitals, dentists etc)
• majority of home have piped water, electricity and sewage disposal = better quality of life

Question 10

What attracted people to Mumbai? (economic push factors)

Answer 10

• green revolution = to improve agriculture (increased machinery so small farms put out of business)
• young people see farming as hard work (long, low paid hours), see better jobs in the city

Question 11

What attracted people to Mumbai? (social push factors)

Answer 11

• many migrants know people in Mumbai = encourages them to go/find work
• low education/health standards in rural areas = people want to go live in Mumbai

Question 12

Mumbai - Effects

Answer 12

• overcrowding (population density = 20,500 people/km2
• short supply of housing - often very expensive = squatter settlements (50-60% of Mumbai’s population live in squatter settlements)
• 700,000 people are homeless (often new migrants who are still looking for work)
• social tension (people from different a backgrounds etc)
• gap between rich and poor increasing