Mumbai - Sub-Urbanisation

Question 1

Sub-Urbanisation in Mumbai Facts

Answer 1

• Mumbai is and LEDC/LIC
• 2011 population = approx 12.5 million
• 2011 population density = 20,500 people per km2
• rate of population increase has declined - 1980’s = peak at approx 38% increase, last 10 years = 5% increase - this is partly due to the success of suburban expansion

Question 2

Causes of Sub-Urbanisation in Mumbai

Answer 2

• new opportunities in the city = employment - GDP = $9,800 per capita = 3 times national average = pull factor
• TNC’s creating call centres = created new jobs
• increase in car ownership = people will travel further for jobs
• rural to urban migration = Mumbai is heavily over-populated
• improvements in transport systems from the suburbs (e.g. Mumbai Suburban Railway and BEST Buses - carry 4.5 million people per day)

Question 3

Process of Sub-Urbanisation in Mumbai

Answer 3

• laws on development are less strict than other countries = development goes on unrestricted in many suburban areas
• urban sprawl engulfed most of greater Mumbai = Salsette and Trombay became established suburbs and became massive urban cities

Question 4

Urban Sprawl in Mumbai

Answer 4

This is a relatively unplanned outward growth of the city, often by the expansion of slums on the outskirts of the city. The overall effect is that the city gets larger and rural communities are developed to become part of the city

Question 5

Effects of Sub-Urbanisation in Mumbai

Answer 5

• a more diverse society created in many suburbs - different people attracted to Mumbai as it’s the richest city in India = economic benefits available
• new jobs created as services are attracted to the suburbs - resulted in suburban shopping parades and offices created in the suburbs
• developments (usually slums) along the Express Highway and around the Rail Head (similar to Ribbon Development in the UK in the 1930’s)
• public transport systems have changed their focus from CBD to suburbs (e.g. Salsette) - now more public transport from CBD to Salsette

Question 6

Expansion of Suburbanisation in Mumbai

Answer 6

• 1930/40’s = Shivaji Park, just north of original city boundary became the newest purpose built suburbs
• 1960/70’s = suburbs had expanded further north to include Ghatkopar
• 1970’s = massive urbanisation saw the rapid expansion of the city’s boundary further north
• 1990’s = satellite cities (e.g. Thane and Vasai) were expanded to help deal with the problem of increased population in the city