Mumbai And Birmingham Flashcards
What proportion of people live in cities?
Over 50%
How much did uk cities grow between 1830 and 1890
10%
How many people per square kilometre in Dharavi
Almost 400000
How many cases of diarrhoea, diphtheria and typhoid are reported daily in India/Mumbai
4000
What’s the student population of Birmingham?
78000 in 2011
How many people per square kilometre in B’ham?
5000
What % of people in Birmingham pop are born outside the uk
22%
What’s the population of Birmingham
1.1 million
What amount of Birmingham is covered in park land
3500ha
What % fo Birmingham pop are under 45
66%
How many jobs were lost in Longbridge?
5900
What % of Birmingham live in most deprived areas (sparkbrook)
40%
Whats the recycle rate in Birmingham
30%
How much is being invested into Birmingham for energy efficiency
£59 mil
What’s the population of Mumbai
18.5 mil
What % of India’s factory work occurs in Mumbai
10%
What % of India’s foreign trade occurs in Mumbai
40%
Annual turnover of informal industries in Mumbai
$1 bil
How many people per toilet in Mumbai
600
What does spark stand for
Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres
How much money is invested in the 7 year plan and what is it
$2 bil - 14 storey high rise apartments
Average income in Mumbai
$ 2845
Average income in Birmingham
£25067
Population of Dharavi
870000
Trends in urbanisation
Developed countries: industrialisation
Developing: push - green rev = loss of rural jobs/pull - better jobs, healthcare, education
Natural: high birth rate/falling death rate -poor sex Ed/ contraception not widely available
Why urbanisation levels vary
Physical: flat land = infrastructure
Historical: industrial rev 1801 only London pop over 100000 1901 -33
Economic: increase in tert/quaternary - good transport - communication links
Politics: London - government - encourage growth
Effects of urbanisation
Slums - Dharavi Air,noise, water pollution - disease Investment increase - renewable e Gap between rich and poor increases More developing countries
Describe city structure of Birmingham
CBD: economic activity - bull ring
Inner city: slums/terraced housing, young pros/ factory workers - sparkbrook
Suburbs: detached and large gardens families - edgebaston
Rural urban fringe: new homes, cheaper land, green belt/ retail centres
Reasons for national migration
Moving in : increased investment- more jobs - more students
Moving out : elderly for retirement
Reasons for international migration
Shortage of workers from Asia
Fleeing conflict
Housing demand in Birmingham risen by how much
5000
Impacts of migration
Multiculturalism Housing demand increase Pressure on key services-language Ethnic communities Younger pop
Causes of deindustrialisation
Transport - aerospace tech-compete with abroad-outsourcing
Tech advances- can operate all over the world
Globalisation - greater comp from abroad due to above
De-centralisation - inner City went into decline
Impacts of deindustrialisation
Unemployment-5900 jobs lost and longbridge lower family incomes Anti-social behaviour Brownfield sites Contaminated land Depopulation
Describe changes in retail
Decentralisation of retailing
Causes of changes in retail
Increased car ownership Cheaper land - larger retail outlets Suburbanisation of people Better shopping experience Internet shopping
Impact of changes in retail
Decline of city centre and deindustrialisation 90-95 CBD fell by 12%
Redevelopment of city centre- bull ring
Describe economic change
Movement from secondary to tertiary industry
Causes unequal society - 40% most deprived areas
Methods of making urban living more sustainable
Improve access to services Youth promise - employment do 14-25 Birmingham Ed partnership- recruit and retrain teachers Bus lanes Improve energy efficiency
Describe city structure of Mumbai
CBD- office blocks - Mumbai city island
Inner city - slums -Dharavi
Suburbs - infrastructure route - salsette
Rural urban fringe- new towns - navi
Effects of rapid urbanisation on Mumbai
Housing shortage- slums
Under employment
Pollution - landfill site - unsafe
Inadequate service - sanitation and waste collection
Differences in quality of life
Services, investment and jobs
Birmingham: suburbs - edgbaston - low crime rate, more services, low pollution :inner city - sparkbrook - concerns over crime, rubbish and less green space
Mumbai: has the most expensive house and 28/100 billionaires and lots of slums
Top up vs bottom down
TU : large scale, political support- 7 year plan - improved services - local people lose their sense of community and industries destroyed - focused on economic need and could add to inequality
BD : local people decide- site and service - locals given materials to improve their house - sparc - permanent housing, toilets, empower women
