Mumbai

Question 1

Why did it urbanise?

Answer 1

Series fishing villages = port

Developed by British E India Company = major port (textile/cotton)

22% R-U migration
60% natural increase

+ since diversified = continued growth

Question 2

How has it diversified?

Answer 2

FINANCE
Commercial capital of India
Bombay Stock Exchange
Multinational corporations e.g. Reliance (revenues $59 billion)

GOVERNMENT
Centre of gov for Maharashtra State
Large % city’s workforce
- tertiary sector 80% total employment

MANUFACTURING
Aerospace/optical engineering

TRANSPORT
Main aviation hub = Chhatrapti Shiavji International Airport
Mumbai port

SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
Nuclear

MEDIA
Bollywood (1/largest in world)

N.B. Low tax rates = attract investment but little money for public service e.g. Water/sanitation

Question 3

The growth

Answer 3

Formerly Bombay

Mega city W coast India

21million (+480/day)

Question 4

Dharavi

Background

Answer 4

“Asia’s largest slum”

I million people in 1 square mile

60% population in slums

Rent only £2.20/month

Question 5

Dharavi

Positives

Answer 5

85% employment

• cottage industries
• informal sector
  (Street sellers/taxi/rag pickers*)

*£1/day

80% plastic recycled (UK 23%)

Question 6

Dharavi

Negatives

Answer 6

Dangerous/unhygienic jobs

Low QOL

Living conditions cramped/poorly built/no sanitation

Mithi River poisoned

30% poor have access to public health care

Water shortages (monsoon = unpredictable)

Congestion/air pollution

Waste - 25% deaths in Chamber 2007 due to respiratory problems

Question 7

Malabar drive

“A city of contrasts”

Answer 7

Most exclusive residential area in Mumbai

West side of Marine Drive apartments $1/2 million +

Mukesh Ambani (Reliance) 1st billion dollar home - 100,000 sq ft/person

Question 8

Planning and management issues

Answer 8

Dharavi stands in the way of Mumbai’s progress

Gov = $2 billion demolition + redevelopment BUT suspicions;

• next to Bandra-Kurla complex = worth $10billion
• destroys community
• needs majority agreement

Question 9

Vision Mumbai

Answer 9

HOUSING

INFRASTRUCTURE

• river Mithi project
• clear, restore and maintain 325 green spaces

TRANSPORT
- more train carriages
- buses
= encourage public transport and reduce pollution

BOOST ECONOMIC GROWTH

• hopes for 8-10% growth per year
• focus on services

If this continues the slums will fall to 10% of their 2000 level and more than 1 million low cost houses will be built