Mumbai Flashcards
Case study of two contrasting urban areas
Character of the area?
Mega city on west coast of India
India’s financial centre
Cultural centre - Bollywood makes 1000+ films annually, sells $2.6bil in tickets annually
Headquarters of Indian TNCs
What were the 4 aims of Vision Mumbai?
- Developing slums and producing cheaper housing
- Improve rail, road and bus transport
- Improving water, sanitation and healthcare
- Boost economic growth
Patterns of economic well-being?
> Half live in poverty in slums
Women less educated = turn to prostitution to earn living
High rates of urbanisation = widespread poverty + unemployment
Average Indian needs to work three centuries to afford a luxury home in Mumbai
Patterns of economic well-being: solutions?
Create 200 000 jobs centred around fashion + services
Create 500 000 jobs in construction
Patterns of social well-being?
Education inequalities: 60% literacy rates in slums, 90% in city as a whole
30% slum dwellers have access to public healthcare
High infant mortality - 25 deaths per 1000 births
HIV and AIDS increasing = discrimination = sacked from jobs, refused hospital treatment
Patterns of social well-being: solutions?
Limited
National AIDS Control Organisation runs condom promotion campaigns = reduce HIV rates
Physical environmental conditions - nature and impact?
Monsoon climate (960mm rainfall in July) -> creates flooding. Much building has occurred on floodplains
Old, poorly maintained road network and number of vehicles increases to 450 every day -> long journey times, congestion, air pollution
More population = more waste -> respiratory issues -> Chembur, 2008-2010 25% all deaths was due to respiratory issues
Physical environmental conditions - positives?
Geology of basalt -> good foundations for high rise buildings
Natural deep water estuary -> development of port = major economic feature
Environmental sustainability?
Local authority invested in rainwater harvesting system -> since 2007 only half of eligible buildings have installed them
2011, World Bank gave $1bil to upgrade roads, purchase fuel efficient buses -> families have been relocated to make space for upgrades
Vision Mumbai:
- 325 green spaces
- 160 energy efficient trains
- Air Quality Index, monitor air pollution
Experience and attitudes of population?
Pop increase from 5.9m in 1971 to 20.7m in 2016
Unemployment - 5% in Mumbai compared to 7% for India as whole
Average annual income Mumbai = $5900, compared to $1960 national average
Life expectancy Mumbai = 72, national average = 68
