mumbai Flashcards
Problems with shanty towns
- lack of clean water and sanitation eg toilets 1 with 500 people. Community toilets are shared by many people and this means diseases like cholera can spread quickly
- housing is overcrowded with extended families living in the houses with ground size of 9meter squared. They are also dangerous and a risk of collapse.
There is no rubbish collections so waste builds up and rats can breed. Diseases and unhygienic way of living
-people dont have proper jobs often relying on low paid work and informal work. Little money for food so can become I’ll and they are unable to afford to improve their house
- lack of education means that people dont know about contraception and desires so dont know the basic steps to prevent disease
-people tap into the main city electricity supply- this makes it incredibly dangerous and can be a potential fire hazard
what’s the problems with traffic in Mumbai
- the port are at the southern tip of the island so they can be only accessed by the north. this making all the roads north busy. also, this is where most businesses are located so all commuters are coming here
- all major roads and rail networks converge on the south of the island so all people and vehicles are heading to the same place
- Mumbai is built on several islands which have been joined together by bridges and causeways. creating major masses of queuing traffic at crossing points.
- population in Mumbai has grown rapidly in the recent years so there are more people on the roads and using public transport. the rural to urban migration is at a rate of 1000 people a day
- a growing Indian middle class has led to a greater car ownership which leads to congestion on the roads
- there are a large variety on the roads eg taxis and lorries which travel at different speeds so traffic gets held up
what’s the problems with traffic in Mumbai
- the port are at the southern tip of the island so they can be only accessed by the north. this making all the roads north busy. also, this is where most businesses are located so all commuters are coming here
- all major roads and rail networks converge on the south of the island so all people and vehicles are heading to the same place
- Mumbai is built on several islands which have been joined together by bridges and causeways. creating major masses of queuing traffic at crossing points.
- population in Mumbai has grown rapidly in the recent years so there are more people on the roads and using public transport. the rural to urban migration is at a rate of 1000 people a day
- a growing Indian middle class has led to a greater car ownership which leads to congestion on the roads
- there are a large variety on the roads eg taxis and lorries which travel at different speeds so traffic gets held up
whats the management strategies for the traffic problems in Mumbai
- MUTP- Mumbai Urban Transport Project, there are improved railways with new tracks and stations, more trains, less overcrowding as more people are more likely to use it… there is also new road links between major highways which makes the traffic flow better
-Bandra-Worli Sea Link- this is a bridge connecting Branda and Worli to the west of the city across Mahim Bay. it reduces journey times from 25 mins driving round the bay to 10 mins . it also takes congestion off other roads
-skywalks- these are above ground pedestrians bridges. they take pedestrians off the roads which improves the flow of traffic and because they connect to metro stations they also encourage the use of public transport
- monorails- this is an above ground railway encouraging people to use public transport, taking cars off the roads
-car pooling eg Bla Bla car. people can use an app to link up with other cars going to the same places. this reduces the number of cars on the road as well as the air pollution
-Mumbai Trans harbour Link- this is a 21.8km sea bridge designed to connect Mumbai to Navi Mumbai, cutting journey times and thus fuel costs, benefitting the economy and air pollution
effectivness to the solution of traffic problems in Mumbai
-MUTP- over 20,000 people in local slums had to be recycled to make way for roads and rail upgrades- expensive and communities are split up
-despite having new and more trains, they are still overcrowded with 10-12 people dying per day
-Bandra-Worli Sea Link- due to having to pay to use the bridge, many people refuse to use it so other ‘free’ roads are still congested
-skywalks- successful as used by 50,000 per day
monorail- because its situated above the ground level of the city, less land has had to be destroyed so less disruption to communities
-doesn’t go down directly into the CBD yet so inconvenient as people have to change to another mode of transport
-car pooling- some people are not keen to travel with strangers and so choose to not travel this way
-in 2023 the state government banned sharing on non transport vehicles eg bikes due to safety concerns- cut down on the number of people sharing a car
- mumbai trans harbour link- rising costs have hampered building with 4 attempts to get the project started and further delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Solutions to the problems in shanty towns
- slum rehabilitation, provide better water supply pipes, sanitation, electricity in order to reduce disease and improve living conditions
-put in tarred pathways and roads as this means that open sewers can be covered and rubbish trucks can get in more easily to clear rubbish
-Dharavi Redevelopment project where high rises apartments are built with water, sewage and electricity . There will also be shopping malls and office complexes and 57,000 families will be renamed, which is paid by private companies
-Self Hwelp Schemes- provides basic foundations for housing, as well as concrete and bricks, and giving tenants tenure to the land
- slum clearances- this is where slums are bulldozed to remove them
-encourage residents to form cooperatives and organise themselves to help improve the area. Such groups can also collectively negotiate with banks for small loans with the cities authority for services such as sewerage’s and toilets
Effectiveness to the solutions of shanty town problems in Mumbai
- slum rehabilitation- however new shanty towns are building up all the time and authorities can’t keep up with the new growth with about 1000 migrants per day moving ti Mumbai with thr majority ending up in slums. 12 years only 15% was developed
- new roads -improves hygiene and disease as less sewers are open in the streets, but many of the streets in Dharavi are very narrow so trucks can’t fit
-Dharavi Redevelopment Project- high rise flats cause isolation and a sense of community is loss. Many families live above their workshop or close to where they work, so they’d have to travel to work (expense ) and also can’t add an extra living space to the new flats like they could in Dharavi
- Self help schemes- still have variety in housing and it’s cheap and giving them land rights meaning they are more likely to improve the area as less fear of eviction
-slum clearances- however people simply move to another area of the city and start again so the problem is being moved, not fixed
— residents forming cooperatives - people have a real sense of community and are happy to work with others for thr common good
