Multistore Model

Question 1

What is memory?

Answer 1

System of retaining information from our daily experiences

Question 2

What do daily experiences create?

Answer 2

Our daily experiences create schemas

Question 3

What is a schema?

Answer 3

A schema is a mental template for interpreting and processing incoming information based on our unique experiences of our world

Question 4

What is an example of something that may result in the schema of avoiding numerical problems later in life?

Answer 4

Having a difficult experience of maths

Question 5

What are the three basic features that memory involves?

Answer 5

Coding
Storage
Retrieval

Question 6

What is coding?

Answer 6

The format that information is held i.e. sound

Question 7

what is storage?

Answer 7

The retaining of information in the memory system

Question 8

What is retrieval?

Answer 8

Accessing information when it is needed

Question 9

What three characteristics differentiate, sensory short-term and long-term?

Answer 9

Capacity
Duration
Coding

Question 10

What are examples of coding?

Answer 10

Sounds or images

Question 11

what is the capacity for sensory register?

Answer 11

Very large capacity (Sperling)

Question 12

What is the duration for sensory register?

Answer 12

From 1/4 to 2 seconds (depending on the sense it is processed in)

Question 13

What is the coding for sensory register?

Answer 13

Modality (Sense) specific

Question 14

What is the capacity for short-term memory?

Answer 14

5 to 9 pieces (Jacobs)

Question 15

What is the duration for short term memory?

Answer 15

18 to 30 seconds (Peterson and Peterson)

Question 16

What is the coding for short-term memory?

Answer 16

acoustic (sounds) baddeley

Question 17

What is the capacity for long-term memory?

Answer 17

unlimited (infinite)

Question 18

What is the duration for long-term memory?

Answer 18

potentially a lifetime (bahrick)

Question 19

What is the code for long-term memory?

Answer 19

semantics (meanings)
Baddeley

Question 20

Who developed the multi store model?

Answer 20

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 21

what is the AO1 for the multi store model?

Answer 21

-Structural, simple model of memory
-Assumes memory flows in a linear direction through sr—>st—>Lt
-Proposes three separate independent stores
-Each store differs in terms of characteristics of C/C/D
-Rehearsal needed to go from ST to LT
-process of forgetting is different in each store (STM displacement), LTM (decay)
-Unitary means they are single unit stores (no subdivisions within)

Question 22

What is a criticism of unitary?

Answer 22

LTM consists of episodic, procedural and semantic

Question 23

what does the multi model consist of?

Answer 23

Three separate independently functioning stores (if one breaks the other isn’t affected)

Question 24

What do environmental stimuli’s cause?

Answer 24

permanent sensory overload- can’t pay attention to everything (5 senses)

Question 25

where does all the information from the environmental stimuli go to?

Answer 25

Sensory memory

Question 26

what causes information to go from to SR TO STM?

Answer 26

Attention

Question 27

What type of store is STM?

Answer 27

It’s a limited store in capacity and duration

Question 28

how is information maintained in STM?

Answer 28

Maintenance

Question 29

how is information moved from STM to LTM?

Answer 29

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 30

How does information go from LTM back to STM?

Answer 30

Retrieval

Question 31

What does the sensory register do?

Answer 31

-Gather information from our sense organs -if we pay attention to sensory information, then it will pass to short-term memory

Question 32

Why does forgetting occur in sensory register?

Answer 32

due to rapid decay if no attention is given to it

Question 33

What is short-term memory?

Answer 33

-Limited capacity, limited duration

Question 34

How is information held in STM?

Answer 34

maintenance rehearsal (constant rote repeating)

Question 35

What does elaborative rehearsal do?

Answer 35

Transfer information from STM to LTM by processing information semantically

Question 36

why does forgetting occur from STM?

Answer 36

Due to displacement and decay

Question 37

Why does forgetting occur from long-term memory?

Answer 37

because of interference and retrieval failure

Question 38

What are the two types of interference?

Answer 38

-(proactive and retroactive)

Question 39

what is retrieval failure?

Answer 39

Cue-dependent forgetting

Question 40

What is encoding?

Answer 40

Changing sensory information in a form it can be stored