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A-Level Psych Paper 1 Memory > Multistore Model > Flashcards

Multistore Model Flashcards

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1
Q

What is memory?

A

System of retaining information from our daily experiences

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2
Q

What do daily experiences create?

A

Our daily experiences create schemas

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3
Q

What is a schema?

A

A schema is a mental template for interpreting and processing, incoming information based on our unique experiences of our world

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4
Q

What is an example of something that may result in the schema of avoiding numerical problems later in life?

A

Having a difficult experience of maths

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5
Q

What are the three basic features that memory involves?

A

Coding
Storage
Retrieval

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6
Q

What is coding?

A

The format that information is held i.e. sound

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7
Q

what is storage?

A

The retaining of information in the memory system

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8
Q

What is retrieval?

A

Accessing information when it is needed

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9
Q

What three characteristics differentiate, sensory short-term and long-term?

A

Capacity
Duration
Coding

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10
Q

What are examples of coding?

A

Sounds or images

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11
Q

what is the capacity for sensory register?

A

Very large capacity (Sperling)

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12
Q

What is the duration for sensory register?

A

From 1/4 to 2 seconds (depending on the sense it is processed in)

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13
Q

What is the coding for sensory register?

A

Modality (Sense) specific

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14
Q

What is the capacity for short-term memory?

A

5 to 9 pieces (Jacobs)

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15
Q

What is the duration for short term memory?

A

18 to 30 seconds (Peterson and Peterson)

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16
Q

What is the coding for short-term memory?

A

acoustic (sounds) baddeley

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17
Q

What is the capacity for long-term memory?

A

unlimited (infinite)

18
Q

What is the duration for long-term memory?

A

potentially a lifetime (bahrick) George

19
Q

What is the code for long-term memory?

A

semantics (meanings)
Baddeley

20
Q

Who developed the multi store model?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin

21
Q

what is the AO1 for the multi store model?

A

-Structural, simple model of memory
-Assumes memory flows in a linear direction through sr—>st—>Lt
-Proposes three separate independent stores
-Each store differs in terms of characteristics of C/C/D
-Rehearsal needed to go from ST to LT
-process of forgetting is different in each store (STM displacement), LTM (decay)
-Unitary means they are single unit stores (no subdivisions within)

22
Q

What is a criticism of unitary?

A

LTM consists of episodic, procedural and semantic

23
Q

what does the multi model consist of?

A

Three separate independently functioning stores (if one breaks the other isn’t affected)

24
Q

What do environmental stimuli’s cause?

A

permanent sensory overload- can’t pay attention to everything (5 senses)

25
Q

where does all the information from the environmental stimuli go to?

A

Sensory memory

26
Q

what causes information to go from to SR TO STM?

A

Attention

27
Q

What type of store is STM?

A

It’s a limited store in capacity and duration

28
Q

how is information maintained in STM?

A

Maintenance

29
Q

how is information moved from STM to LTM?

A

Elaborative rehearsal

30
Q

How does information go from LTM back to STM?

A

Retrieval

31
Q

What is the sensory register?

A

-Gather information from our sense organs
-if we pay attention to sensory information, then it will pass to short-term memory

32
Q

Why does forgetting occur in sensory register?

A

due to rapid decay if no attention is given to it

33
Q

What is short-term memory?

A

-Limited capacity, limited duration

34
Q

How is information held in STM?

A

maintenance rehearsal (constant rote repeating)

35
Q

What does elaborative rehearsal do?

A

Transfer information from STM to LTM by processing information semantically

36
Q

why does forgetting occur from STM?

A

Due to displacement and decay

37
Q

Why does forgetting occur from long-term memory?

A

because of interference and retrieval failure

38
Q

What are the two types of interference?

A

-(proactive and retroactive)

39
Q

what is retrieval failure?

A

Cue-dependent forgetting

40
Q

What is encoding?

A

Changing sensory information in a form it can be stored

A-Level Psych Paper 1 Memory (10 decks)

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