Multistore Model Flashcards
What is memory?
System of retaining information from our daily experiences
What do daily experiences create?
Our daily experiences create schemas
What is a schema?
A schema is a mental template for interpreting and processing incoming information based on our unique experiences of our world
What is an example of something that may result in the schema of avoiding numerical problems later in life?
Having a difficult experience of maths
What are the three basic features that memory involves?
Coding
Storage
Retrieval
What is coding?
The format that information is held i.e. sound
what is storage?
The retaining of information in the memory system
What is retrieval?
Accessing information when it is needed
What three characteristics differentiate, sensory short-term and long-term?
Capacity
Duration
Coding
What are examples of coding?
Sounds or images
what is the capacity for sensory register?
Very large capacity (Sperling)
What is the duration for sensory register?
From 1/4 to 2 seconds (depending on the sense it is processed in)
What is the coding for sensory register?
Modality (Sense) specific
What is the capacity for short-term memory?
5 to 9 pieces (Jacobs)
What is the duration for short term memory?
18 to 30 seconds (Peterson and Peterson)
What is the coding for short-term memory?
acoustic (sounds) baddeley
What is the capacity for long-term memory?
unlimited (infinite)
What is the duration for long-term memory?
potentially a lifetime (bahrick)
What is the code for long-term memory?
semantics (meanings)
Baddeley
Who developed the multi store model?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
what is the AO1 for the multi store model?
-Structural, simple model of memory
-Assumes memory flows in a linear direction through sr—>st—>Lt
-Proposes three separate independent stores
-Each store differs in terms of characteristics of C/C/D
-Rehearsal needed to go from ST to LT
-process of forgetting is different in each store (STM displacement), LTM (decay)
-Unitary means they are single unit stores (no subdivisions within)
What is a criticism of unitary?
LTM consists of episodic, procedural and semantic
what does the multi model consist of?
Three separate independently functioning stores (if one breaks the other isn’t affected)
What do environmental stimuli’s cause?
permanent sensory overload- can’t pay attention to everything (5 senses)
where does all the information from the environmental stimuli go to?
Sensory memory
what causes information to go from to SR TO STM?
Attention
What type of store is STM?
It’s a limited store in capacity and duration
how is information maintained in STM?
Maintenance
how is information moved from STM to LTM?
Elaborative rehearsal
How does information go from LTM back to STM?
Retrieval
What does the sensory register do?
-Gather information from our sense organs
-if we pay attention to sensory information, then it will pass to short-term memory
Why does forgetting occur in sensory register?
due to rapid decay if no attention is given to it
What is short-term memory?
-Limited capacity, limited duration
How is information held in STM?
maintenance rehearsal (constant rote repeating)
What does elaborative rehearsal do?
Transfer information from STM to LTM by processing information semantically
why does forgetting occur from STM?
Due to displacement and decay
Why does forgetting occur from long-term memory?
because of interference and retrieval failure
What are the two types of interference?
-(proactive and retroactive)
what is retrieval failure?
Cue-dependent forgetting
What is encoding?
Changing sensory information in a form it can be stored
