Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
MS
Chronic progressive degenerative disorder of CNS
- disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers
- young to middle aged adults (15-50 yr)
- cause related to genes, infection, stress, fatigue
Manifestations
Occur over months and years
- chronic determination in some and remissions and exacerbation in others
- primary and secondary progress
- motor probs, sensory probs, cerebellar probs, emotional probs
Motor manifestations
Weakness and paralysis of limbs, trunk, and head
Diplopia
Scanning speech
Spasticity of muscles
Sensory manifestations
Numbness and tingling Blurred vision Vertigo and tinnitus Loss of hearing Chronic neuropathic pain
Cerebellar manifestations
Nystagmus
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Bowel and bladder manifestations
Constipation
Spastic bladder: small capacity for urine
Flaccid bladder: large capacity with no sensation to pee
Sexual dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction Decreased libido Difficulty with orgasm Painful intercourse Decreased lubrication
Emotional manifestations
Anger
Depression
Euphoria
Dx
History, manifestations, and presence of lesions over time (mri)
Increase in oligoclonal immuniglobin G
High number of lymphocytes and monocytes
Drugs used
Corticosteroids: acute exacerbations, reduce edema and inflammation Immunosuppression: for progressive forms Immunodulators Muscle relaxants Anticholinergics
Collaborative care
Surgery Electric stimulation Intrathecal pump Physical therapy Nutrition therapy
Physical therapy
Relieve spasticity
Improve coordination
Train patient to sub unaffected muscles
Nutritional therapy
Megavitamins
Low fat, gluten free, raw veggies
High protein with supplementary vitamins
