Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
What is multiple sclerosis?
Inflammatory neurodegenerative demyelinating disorder of the CNS involving deposition of plaques
Males are more commonly affected by MS than females. True/False?
False
Females 3:1 males
List the 4 classifications of MS
Relapsing remitting
Secondary progressive
Progressive relapsing
Primary progressive
Which classification of MS is the most common?
Relapsing remitting
List clinical features of MS
Pyramidal dysfunction Optic neuritis Sensory dysfunction Lower urinary tract dysfunction Cognitive impairment
List features of pyramidal dysfunction that can occur in MS
Weakness
Spasticity
Weakness of extensors of upper limbs
Weakness of flexors of lower limbs
List features of sensory dysfunction that can occur in MS
Paraesthesia Pain Proprioception deficit Numbness Trigeminal neuralgia
List features of cerebellar dysfunction that can occur in MS
Ataxia Intention tremor Nystagmus Past pointing Pendular/floppy reflexes Dysdiadokinesis
What is internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
Defect in medial longitudinal fasciculus resulting in nystagmus in an abducting eye + lag/failure in adducting eye
List lower urinary tract features of MS
Frequency
Nocturia
Urgency
Retention
What therapy can be given for fatigue in MS?
Amantadine
Modafinil if sleepy
What investigations can be done for MS?
MRI
CSF
Neurophysiology
Blood tests
Blood tests are usually normal in MS. True/False?
True
What is the name given to the protein bands present on CSF electrophoresis in MS?
Oligoclonal bands
Outline treatment for acute exacerbation of MS (mild, mod, severe)
Mild: symptom relief
Mod: oral steroid
Sev: IV steroid
