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Immunoproliferative Disorders > Multiple Myeloma > Flashcards

Multiple Myeloma Flashcards

1
Q

Define Multiple Myeloma?

A

The MALIGNANT monoclonal proliferation and accumulation of bone marrow plasma cells in the bone marrow. Cancer of the bone marrow.

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2
Q

What are signs of MM?

A

Lytic bone lesions (holes), Monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum/urine. Bone pain, anaemia, renal failure. SOMETIMES hyperviscosity syndrome (blood thickens and cant flow).

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3
Q

What is caused due to humoral defects in MM?

A

Patient infections

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4
Q

What are Bence Jones proteins?

A

Light chains. Found in 50% of patients alongside proteinuria. Synthesised in excess due to low molecular weight.

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5
Q

What does serum/urine electrophoresis show?

A

Monoclonal protein in 90% of patients. Increased calcium, low haemoglobin, high MCV and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

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6
Q

Who is it rare to find MM in?

A

Under 40’s

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7
Q

Who does MM commonly effect?

A

Elderly

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8
Q

What is the incidence of MM per 100,000?

A

5-7.

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9
Q

What is a possible mechanistic cause of MM?

A

Excess production of interlukin 6 (IL-6)

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10
Q

Which protein is the main antibody produced by malignant cells in MM?

A

Paraprotein

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11
Q

What chain type does paraprotein have?

A

A single light chain (kappa or lambda)

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12
Q

How long does an untreated patient live for?

A

Within 1 year.

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13
Q

How long can a patient undergoing chemo live for?

A

Life expectancy after diagnosis is 3 years.

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14
Q

What is the main protein secreted by abnormal plasma protein clones and how much?

A

IgG . 60%

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15
Q

How much IgA is secreted by abnormal plasma proteins?

A

less than 20%

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16
Q

How much Ig D is secreted by abnormal plasma protein cells?

A

1%

17
Q

Which proteins are very rare to be secreted by abnormal plasma proteins?

A

IgE and IgM

18
Q

What percentage of myeloma patients have clones that produce only the light chains?

A

10%

19
Q

What is a non-secretory myeloma?

A

So abnormal they cannot secrete any Ig.

20
Q

What is a non-producing myeloma?

A

Cells cannot produce Ig/Ig fragments.

21
Q

What does it mean when an antibody is monoclonal?

A

There is one type of Ab produced due to proliferation of ONE type of plasma cell.

Immunoproliferative Disorders (5 decks)

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