multiple choice q's Flashcards
Which combination of the statements below is TRUE of rabies virus infections?
It is a zoonotic infection that is transmitted to humans via the bite of infected animals.
The incubation period varies from 4-13 weeks and maybe as long as 6 months.
The virus enters the blood stream and enters the brain by crossing the blood brain barrier.
Post exposure treatment is with human rabies immunoglobulin and active immunization.
Prevention of primary infection is by routine active immunization of all adults.
a. 1, 3 and 5
b. 1, 2 and 5
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 2, 3 and 4
e. 1, 2 and 4
E
Which of the following statements is TRUE when examining the trigeminal nerve?
a. A lesion in the right trigeminal nerve will result in deviation to the left side upon opening the mouth.
b. An upper motor nerve lesion will lead to an absent jaw jerk.
c. Clenching the teeth tests the pterygoid, masseter and buccinator muscles that are supplied by the trigeminal nerve.
d. Testing for the corneal reflex is a test of both the trigeminal and facial nerves.
d
A 50-year-old patient with motor neurone disease, attended her neurEologist today as she has
had difficulty swallowing and walking and felt clumsy with her hands for the past few days. On examination, the neurologist noted that her tongue is asymmetrical, wasted and deviated to
the right.
which nerve is affected?
hypoglossal
Muscle relaxants are used routinely during anaesthesia which result in closure of the vocal folds. Laryngeal intubation by the anaesthesiologist is necessary because which of the following muscles is unable to keep the glottis open?
post cricoarytenoid muscle
In a patient who has suffered a stroke, occlusion of the basilar artery by a large clot seems to have influenced only midbrain functions. Other areas are presumed to have sufficient perfusion through more proximal sources or through the internal carotid arteries distal to the thrombus. What region of the midbrain is MOST LIKELY to be most heavily impacted by the clot?
Inferior cerebellum
Medullary pyramids
Olives
Pons
Superior cerebellum
Pons
A 45-year-old man was admitted to Emergency with complaints of postural imbalance, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and numbness of the right hand and fingers. Neurological examination revealed ataxic gait with falling to the left side, vertical nystagmus on downward gaze, decrease of vibration sense and of 2-point discrimination over the left hand. Occlusion of which artery supplying the brainstem would MOST LIKELY cause the above effects?
Anterior spinal artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
A surgeon is trying to control excessive bleeding during neck surgery by ligating the external carotid artery. He recognises the artery by identifying its branches. The terminal branches of the external carotid artery are the …
lingual and posterior auricular arteries
maxillary and ascending pharyngeal arteries
maxillary and posterior auricular arteries
superficial temporal and maxillary arteries
superficial temporal and occipital arteries
superficial temporal and maxillary arteries
Which layer of the scalp is considered the “danger layer”? This is partly because of the tendency for bleeding within this layer to spread rapidly.
Aponeurosis
Connective tissue (superficial)
Loose areolar tissue (deep)
Periosteum
Skin
Loose areolar tissue (deep)
A head and neck surgeon is attempting to re-innervate the larynx of a patient who lost the function supplied by both recurrent laryngeal nerves due to extensive dissection required in a total thyroidectomy. The surgeon plans to utilise the ansa cervicalis on both sides to re-innervate the larynx. What structure/s will be denervated (without innervation) as a result?
Anterior skin of the neck
Lateral skin of the neck
Strap (infrahyoid) muscles
Suprahyoid muscles
Trapezius muscle
Strap (infrahyoid) muscles
From the list of options below, please select the portion of the internal capsule which would result in these signs and symptoms if affected by ischaemia.
A 64-year-old chronic smoker, suffering from left hemiparesis, presented with loss of strength in the left upper and lower extremities along with left-sided facial weakness. However, his vision was spared. A CT scan ruled out haemorrhage in the white fibres of the cerebrum.
Anterior limb
Genu
Posterior limb
Retro-lentiform portion
Sublentiform portion
Posterior limb
A young man is playing squash and he is hit in the face by the ball at high speed. The ball has hit the eye and orbit. When he presents at casualty, an x-ray reveals he has a fracture in one of the walls of the orbit. Several days later, once swelling and bleeding have resolved, he still continues to have double vision.
From the option list below, select the MOST LIKELY explanation for this.
He has a retinal detachment due to the trauma.
He has fractured the roof of his orbit and trapped the supraorbital nerve.
Muscle and/or orbital connective tissue are trapped in the fractured floor of the orbit.
The infraorbital nerve has been severed thus denervating the inferior oblique muscle.
The medial wall composed of the ethmoid sinuses has fractured trapping medial rectus muscle.
Muscle and/or orbital connective tissue are trapped in the fractured floor of the orbit.
During surgical removal of a parotid tumour, a maxillofacial surgeon accidentally cuts the facial nerve as he dissects the parotid gland. Which of the following clinical outcomes is the MOST LIKELY result?
Loss of secretion from the lacrimal gland
Loss of secretion from the parotid gland
Loss of taste sensation in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Paralysis of masseter muscle
Paralysis of orbicularis oculi
Paralysis of orbicularis oculi
A patient complains of facial pain. They have a nasal sound to their voice when describing their symptoms. Following a full physical exam, the patient is diagnosed with a maxillary sinus infection. Further inspection of the nasal cavity reveals that the mucosa surrounding the middle concha is swollen and preventing drainage of this sinus through the …
ethmoidal bulla
fronto-nasal duct
semilunar hiatus
speno-ethmoidal recess
superior meatus
semilunar hiatus
The basic role of the middle ear bones is …
to amplify sound energy to the cochlea
to make vibration of the Cochlear Partition frequency selective
to make vibration of the Cochlear Partition increase from the base to the apex and reach a peak depending on frequency
to move the eardrum in response to sounds
to produce a depolarizing receptor potential
to amplify sound energy to the cochlea
The effect of a lesion of the right DCML tract at the level of L1 will be:
a. loss of crude touch and pressure sensations on the left leg
b. loss of fast pain and temperature of the right leg
c. loss of light touch, vibration and position sense on the left leg
d. loss of light touch, vibration and position sense on the right leg
e. loss of stereognosis of the left hand
d
