Multiple Choice PLT

Question 1

Bandura

Answer 1

behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning

Question 2

Bloom

Answer 2

develop levels of intellectual behavior important in learning

Question 3

Bruner

Answer 3

constructivist
learning is an active process
inspired spiral curriculum

Question 4

Dewey

Answer 4

progressive education
schools reflect needs of society
critical thinking
democracy

Question 5

Piaget

Answer 5

believed children construct an understanding of the world around them

Question 6

Vygotsky

Answer 6

saw reasoning as emerging through practical activity in a social environment

Question 7

Kohlberg

Answer 7

stages of moral development
pre-convential morality
conventional morality
post-conventional morality

Question 8

metacognition

Answer 8

awareness and understanding of one’s own thought process

Question 9

transfer

Answer 9

take what one has learned in one context and use it in another

Question 10

self-efficacy

Answer 10

people’s beliefs about their capabilities to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance

Question 11

self-regulation

Answer 11

capacity to control one’s impulses to have the power to stop a behavior or start a behavior

Question 12

Classical Conditioning

Answer 12

Pavlov

predictable response to a stimuli

Question 13

Operant Conditioning

Answer 13

Skinner
changing behavior by the use of reinforcement
positive or negative conditioning

Question 14

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 14

Vygotsky

difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help

Question 15

cognitive domain of human development

Answer 15

development in intellectual/mental abilities

thinking, reasoning, understanding

Question 16

physical domain of human development

Answer 16

mastering movement, balance, fine and gross motor skills

Question 17

social domain of human development

Answer 17

ability to make and maintain relationships

Question 18

moral domain of human development

Answer 18

formation of a system of values

Question 19

relationship between Learning Theory and human development

Answer 19

Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.

Question 20

Americans with Disabilities Act

Answer 20

ADA

Question 21

Individuals with Disabilities Act

Answer 21

IDEA

free and appropriate public education

Question 22

Section 504, Rehabilitation Act

Answer 22

504
be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

Question 23

Thorndike

Answer 23

connectionism

Question 24

Watson

Answer 24

coined behaviorism

prediction and control of behavior

Question 25

Maslow

Answer 25

``` Hierarchy of Needs physiological safety love/belonging esteem self-actualization ```

Question 26

Skinner

Answer 26

any human action is the result of the consequences of the same action

Question 27

Erikson

Answer 27

``` trust v. mistrust autonomy v. shame and doubt initiative v. guilt industry v. inferiority idenity v. role confusion ```

Question 28

self-determination

Answer 28

intrinsic motivation to have an interest in learning, valuing of education

Question 29

attribution

Answer 29

process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events

Question 30

extrinsic motivation

Answer 30

examples,

Question 31

intrinsic motivation

Answer 31

inner motivation

Question 32

cognitive dissonance

Answer 32

mental stress or discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs

Question 33

positive reinforcement

Answer 33

event or stimulus is presented as a consequence of a behavior and behavior increases

Question 34

negative reinforcement

Answer 34

when a certain stimulus is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited

Question 35

Cognitivism

Answer 35

Cognitive development | how we think and gain knowledge

Question 36

schema

Answer 36

describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them

Question 37

information processing

Answer 37

humans process the information they receive rather than merely responding to stimuli

Question 38

mapping

Answer 38

concept begin with main idea and then branch out with specific topics

Question 39

Social learning theory

Answer 39

Bandura | learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context can occur through direct observation or instruction

Question 40

modeling

Answer 40

learning occurs through observation

Question 41

reciprocal determinism

Answer 41

describes how the individual, the environment and behavior influence one another

Question 42

vicarious learning

Answer 42

instructional method that occurs when learners see and or hear a learning situation Bandura

Question 43

Constructivism

Answer 43

people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences

Question 44

Behaviorism

Answer 44

John Watson

Question 45

scope

Answer 45

depth and breadth of the content to be taught at a specific grade level and development

Question 46

sequence

Answer 46

order in which the content should be taught for the best learning

Question 47

Bloom's Taxonomy

Answer 47

``` KCAASE Knowledge Comprehension application analysis synthesis evaluation ```

Question 48

remediation

Answer 48

reversing or stopping a behavior

Question 49

enrichment

Answer 49

something is made more valuable

Question 50

thematic instruction

Answer 50

organization of a curriculum around macro "themes" | integrates basic disciplines like reading, math, science

Question 51

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 51

supply strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion | bottom-up logic

Question 52

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 52

process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logical conclusion top-down logic

Question 53

Direct Instruction

Answer 53

``` explicit teaching drill and practice lecture demonstrations guides for reading, listening and viewing ```

Question 54

Indirect Instruction

Answer 54

``` problem solving inquiry case studies concept mapping reading for meaning ```

Question 55

Cloze procedures

Answer 55

used to gather information about reader's abilities | a passage from text that contains blanks where words deliberately omitted

Question 56

independent instruction

Answer 56

``` research projects learning contracts learning centers computer mediated instruction distance learning ```

Question 57

Experiential instruction

Answer 57

``` field trips experiments role play games observations ```

Question 58

formative

Answer 58

used in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment

Question 59

summative

Answer 59

used to evaluate student learning

Question 60

diagnostic

Answer 60

gathering and careful evaluation of detailed data using students knowledge and skills in a given learning area

Question 61

achievement test

Answer 61

measure skills and knowledge learned in a given grade | standardized tests

Question 62

aptitude test

Answer 62

determine future performance | example: SAT

Question 63

scaled score

Answer 63

raw score converted onto a consistent and standardized scale

Question 64

raw score

Answer 64

total number of correct questions

Question 65

validity

Answer 65

measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 66

reliability

Answer 66

having the same score on a same test

Question 67

members of an IEP team

Answer 67

parents of the child not less than one regular education teacher not less than one special education teacher representative from the local education agency