Multiple Choice Flashcards
How many systems compose the human body?
11
the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
Which of the following is not representing a specific level of organizational complexity?
Hormones
Which of the following organ systems is involved in heat production?
Muscular
muscle contraction produces heat as a byproduct of metabolism.
Which of the following organ systems is involved in nutrient metabolism in the cells?
Endocrine
Which of the following organ systems carries waste?
Cardiovascular
Which of the following organ systems is storing minerals?
Skeletal
remember the calcium conversation! Calcium is needed for survival.
Which of the following is not needed for survival?
Gravity
Which of the following functions are not considered necessary life functions?
Prosocial activities
Which of the following directional terms is used to indicate that the anatomical location in question is away from the midline of the body?
Lateral
away from the midline of the body
Which of the following terms is used to communicate that an anatomical location in question is in the lower part of the body?
Caudal
synonymous with inferior: away from the head end and towards lower part
Which of the following terms means that an anatomical location in question is on the inner side of another anatomical location?
Medial
towards the midline of the body, inner side
Which of the following organs is located in the superior thoracic cavity?
Heart
the superior thoracic cavity is in the ventral body cavity and contains the heart and lungs
One of the following brain structures is the bridge between the Central Nervous System, the Peripheral Nervous System, the Endocrinological System and the viscera:
Hypothalamus
the hypothalamus is the center for many homeostatic processes; involved in autonomic processes; reciprocates tracts with multiple brain regions
The Central Nervous System consumes about ______ % of oxygen distribute by the circulatory system.
15
One of the following brain structures houses the Reticular Activating System:
Brain stem
contains pons, medulla oblongata, and reticular activating system
What is the Cauda Equina?
A bundle of spinal nerves which arise from the lower end of the spinal cord, occupying the inner structure of lumbar-sacral vertebrae
One of the following brain structures is part of the endocrine system:
Pituitary gland
controls most endocrine functions
Which of the following contributes significantly to the Blood Brain Barrier?
Astrocytes
Which of the following is mostly involved in the process of phagocytosis?
Microglia
The thalamus is an important relay station for sensory information directed from the periphery to various cortical structures. Which of the following sensory inputs are not reaching the cortex via the thalamus?
Olfactory
Where can you find the Reticular Formation?
Brain stem
A blockage of the cerebral aqueduct will result in ___________.
Hydrocephalus
condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid occurs within the brain
Which part of the brain is known to be involved with long term memory?
Limbic system
L2 43. Amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus associated with memory. I believe the specific answer within the Limbic system would be the hippocampus - Alex
Which of the following is not recognized as a function of the cerebellum?
initiates volitional movements
-Changed from muscle tonus per lecture 2 slide 24 - Alex
The central canal is part of the ventricular system, and you can find it:
in the spinal cord
Dorsal root ganglia are located:
Outside the spinal cord
Sympathetic Nervous System ganglia are located:
Outside the spinal cord
Spinal nerves innervating muscles of the upper extremities project from the ______________ to the body.
Neck region
The cranial nerves project from the _______ to the body.
Brain stem
Lower motor neurons can be found in:
The anterior horns of the spinal cord
Upper motor neurons are located in:
The pre-central gyrus
Which of the following cranial nerves are purely sensory?
Optic
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by:
Choroid plexi
The thalamus is involved with:
Subcortical sensory integration
The hypothalamus is involved with:
Coordination of vegetative processes
Hippos like veggie
The cerebellum is involved with:
Muscle tonicity
What is the corpus callosum?
the neuronal connection between the two cortical hemispheres
What is the massa intermedia?
the neuronal connection between the two thalami
One of the following systemic processes is monitored by the hypothalamus:
hunger and thirst
“hungry hungry hippo”
The meninges protect the:
Central nervous system
Which of the following protective layers is intimately attached to the brain?
Pia matter
Which of the following protective layers of the CNS is intimately attached to the skull?
Dura matter
Which of the ventricles is ventral to the cerebellum?
4th ventricle
The pineal gland is known as functionally contributing to:
Circadian rhythms
Which of the following functions is attributed to the working of the Limbic System?
Long term memory
W/o memory, you’re in limbo
The frontal lobes are not responsible for the following functions:
Verification ability
Which of the following parts of the body have relatively to their size in the body more cortical representation (the sensori-motor strips)?
Hands
The pituitary gland can be located:
As a ventral extension to the hypothalamus
Which of the following elements is not necessary to “build” protein molecules?
Mercury
Cell membranes ____________
consist of two lipid layers
Which of the following structures in the cell body is responsible to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the necessary biological energy for the various cell functions?
Mitochondria
The process by which a neuron secretes its neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is called:
Exocytosis
What is reuptake?
neurotransmitter molecules return from the synaptic cleft to the pre-synaptic site
What is enzymatic degradation?
neurotransmitter molecules are taken apart to their ingredients
Longer axons in the brain have a myelin sheath made out of:
Oligodendrocytes
Longer axons in the Peripheral Nervous System have a myelin sheath formed by:
Schwann cells
Which of the following glial cells are contributing to The Blood-Brain-barrier?
Astrocytes
The gaps between adjacent myelin segments are called _______________ :
Nodes of Ranvier
The gaps between pre and post-synaptic membranes are called_________ :
Synaptic clefts
A drug activating a dopaminergic receptor is also called:
A dopamine agonist
The main function of the Blood-Brain-Barrier is:
Protect neurons from unwanted toxins and blood substances
One of the most important characteristics of a drug molecule destined to medicate brain tissue is:
Lipid permeability
Spinal nerves receiving tactile information from the neck area enter the spinal cord in the ________.
Cervical region
Which of the following is considered a Sympathetic effect?
Secretions by the adrenal medulla
Which of the following is considered a Parasympathetic effect?
Increase in saliva production
Which cranial nerve is part of the Autonomic Nervous system?
Vagus
Some people automatically want to go to Vagus for their bachelor party
Excitation of one of the following parts of the Autonomic Nervous System is involved with the fight-flight response:
Sympathetic division
Homeostatic mechanisms use various feedback systems. Systemically, the most frequently used feedback mechanism is the:
Negative feedback mechanism
The eight (VIII) cranial nerve is involved in :
auditory and vestibular sensory information
Nociceptors are specialized receptors communicating to the brain:
Pain
The Interoceptive system is responsive to:
Blood pressure
Dysfunction of which of the following brain structures can lead to Parkinson’s Disease?
Basal ganglia
