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Biological Bases > Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Multiple Choice Flashcards

1
Q

How many systems compose the human body?

A

11

the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

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2
Q

Which of the following is not representing a specific level of organizational complexity?

A

Hormones

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3
Q

Which of the following organ systems is involved in heat production?

A

Muscular

muscle contraction produces heat as a byproduct of metabolism.

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4
Q

Which of the following organ systems is involved in nutrient metabolism in the cells?

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

Which of the following organ systems carries waste?

A

Cardiovascular

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6
Q

Which of the following organ systems is storing minerals?

A

Skeletal

remember the calcium conversation! Calcium is needed for survival.

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7
Q

Which of the following is not needed for survival?

A

Gravity

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8
Q

Which of the following functions are not considered necessary life functions?

A

Prosocial activities

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9
Q

Which of the following directional terms is used to indicate that the anatomical location in question is away from the midline of the body?

A

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

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10
Q

Which of the following terms is used to communicate that an anatomical location in question is in the lower part of the body?

A

Caudal

synonymous with inferior: away from the head end and towards lower part

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11
Q

Which of the following terms means that an anatomical location in question is on the inner side of another anatomical location?

A

Medial

towards the midline of the body, inner side

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12
Q

Which of the following organs is located in the superior thoracic cavity?

A

Heart

the superior thoracic cavity is in the ventral body cavity and contains the heart and lungs

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13
Q

One of the following brain structures is the bridge between the Central Nervous System, the Peripheral Nervous System, the Endocrinological System and the viscera:

A

Hypothalamus

the hypothalamus is the center for many homeostatic processes; involved in autonomic processes; reciprocates tracts with multiple brain regions

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14
Q

The Central Nervous System consumes about ______ % of oxygen distribute by the circulatory system.

A

15

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15
Q

One of the following brain structures houses the Reticular Activating System:

A

Brain stem

contains pons, medulla oblongata, and reticular activating system

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16
Q

What is the Cauda Equina?

A

A bundle of spinal nerves which arise from the lower end of the spinal cord, occupying the inner structure of lumbar-sacral vertebrae

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17
Q

One of the following brain structures is part of the endocrine system:

A

Pituitary gland

controls most endocrine functions

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18
Q

Which of the following contributes significantly to the Blood Brain Barrier?

A

Astrocytes

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19
Q

Which of the following is mostly involved in the process of phagocytosis?

A

Microglia

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20
Q

The thalamus is an important relay station for sensory information directed from the periphery to various cortical structures. Which of the following sensory inputs are not reaching the cortex via the thalamus?

A

Olfactory

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21
Q

Where can you find the Reticular Formation?

A

Brain stem

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22
Q

A blockage of the cerebral aqueduct will result in ___________.

A

Hydrocephalus

condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid occurs within the brain

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23
Q

Which part of the brain is known to be involved with long term memory?

A

Limbic system

L2 43. Amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus associated with memory. I believe the specific answer within the Limbic system would be the hippocampus - Alex

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24
Q

Which of the following is not recognized as a function of the cerebellum?

A

initiates volitional movements

-Changed from muscle tonus per lecture 2 slide 24 - Alex

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25
Q

The central canal is part of the ventricular system, and you can find it:

A

in the spinal cord

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26
Q

Dorsal root ganglia are located:

A

Outside the spinal cord

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27
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System ganglia are located:

A

Outside the spinal cord

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28
Q

Spinal nerves innervating muscles of the upper extremities project from the ______________ to the body.

A

Neck region

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29
Q

The cranial nerves project from the _______ to the body.

A

Brain stem

30
Q

Lower motor neurons can be found in:

A

The anterior horns of the spinal cord

31
Q

Upper motor neurons are located in:

A

The pre-central gyrus

32
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A

Optic

33
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by:

A

Choroid plexi

34
Q

The thalamus is involved with:

A

Subcortical sensory integration

35
Q

The hypothalamus is involved with:

A

Coordination of vegetative processes

Hippos like veggie

36
Q

The cerebellum is involved with:

A

Muscle tonicity

37
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

the neuronal connection between the two cortical hemispheres

38
Q

What is the massa intermedia?

A

the neuronal connection between the two thalami

39
Q

One of the following systemic processes is monitored by the hypothalamus:

A

hunger and thirst

“hungry hungry hippo”

40
Q

The meninges protect the:

A

Central nervous system

41
Q

Which of the following protective layers is intimately attached to the brain?

A

Pia matter

42
Q

Which of the following protective layers of the CNS is intimately attached to the skull?

A

Dura matter

43
Q

Which of the ventricles is ventral to the cerebellum?

A

4th ventricle

44
Q

The pineal gland is known as functionally contributing to:

A

Circadian rhythms

45
Q

Which of the following functions is attributed to the working of the Limbic System?

A

Long term memory

W/o memory, you’re in limbo

46
Q

The frontal lobes are not responsible for the following functions:

A

Verification ability

47
Q

Which of the following parts of the body have relatively to their size in the body more cortical representation (the sensori-motor strips)?

A

Hands

48
Q

The pituitary gland can be located:

A

As a ventral extension to the hypothalamus

49
Q

Which of the following elements is not necessary to “build” protein molecules?

A

Mercury

50
Q

Cell membranes ____________

A

consist of two lipid layers

51
Q

Which of the following structures in the cell body is responsible to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the necessary biological energy for the various cell functions?

A

Mitochondria

52
Q

The process by which a neuron secretes its neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is called:

A

Exocytosis

53
Q

What is reuptake?

A

neurotransmitter molecules return from the synaptic cleft to the pre-synaptic site

54
Q

What is enzymatic degradation?

A

neurotransmitter molecules are taken apart to their ingredients

55
Q

Longer axons in the brain have a myelin sheath made out of:

A

Oligodendrocytes

56
Q

Longer axons in the Peripheral Nervous System have a myelin sheath formed by:

A

Schwann cells

57
Q

Which of the following glial cells are contributing to The Blood-Brain-barrier?

A

Astrocytes

58
Q

The gaps between adjacent myelin segments are called _______________ :

A

Nodes of Ranvier

59
Q

The gaps between pre and post-synaptic membranes are called_________ :

A

Synaptic clefts

60
Q

A drug activating a dopaminergic receptor is also called:

A

A dopamine agonist

61
Q

The main function of the Blood-Brain-Barrier is:

A

Protect neurons from unwanted toxins and blood substances

62
Q

One of the most important characteristics of a drug molecule destined to medicate brain tissue is:

A

Lipid permeability

63
Q

Spinal nerves receiving tactile information from the neck area enter the spinal cord in the ________.

A

Cervical region

64
Q

Which of the following is considered a Sympathetic effect?

A

Secretions by the adrenal medulla

65
Q

Which of the following is considered a Parasympathetic effect?

A

Increase in saliva production

66
Q

Which cranial nerve is part of the Autonomic Nervous system?

A

Vagus

Some people automatically want to go to Vagus for their bachelor party

67
Q

Excitation of one of the following parts of the Autonomic Nervous System is involved with the fight-flight response:

A

Sympathetic division

68
Q

Homeostatic mechanisms use various feedback systems. Systemically, the most frequently used feedback mechanism is the:

A

Negative feedback mechanism

69
Q

The eight (VIII) cranial nerve is involved in :

A

auditory and vestibular sensory information

70
Q

Nociceptors are specialized receptors communicating to the brain:

A

Pain

71
Q

The Interoceptive system is responsive to:

A

Blood pressure

72
Q

Dysfunction of which of the following brain structures can lead to Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Basal ganglia

Biological Bases (4 decks)

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