Multiple Choice Flashcards
What is a food chain?
Represents a simple, linear sequence pf energy transfer in an ecosystem between multiple organisms
Name the trophic levels
Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, apex predator/quaternary consumer and decomposers
What is a food web?
A more complex, interconnected series of complex food chains within an ecosystem.
What are the classification of organisms depending on what they eat?
Carnivores which eat other animals (secondary consumers and above)
Herbivores which eat plants (primary consumers)
Omnivores which eat both plants and animals (secondary consumers and above)
What is the 10% rule in energy flow?
Only about 10% of energy can be consumed and used by the next organism that consumes another organism. The 90% is lost in waste, tissue, etc.
What is the water cycle?
EVAPORATION : water from oceans, lakes, rivers and other bodies of water is heated by the sun and turns into water vapor
CONDENSATION: The water vapor cools as it rises into the atmosphere and condenses into tiny water droplets forming clouds
PRECIPITATION: water falls back to earth ad rain, snow, hail, etc when the clouds become saturated.
INFILTRATION: Water is absorbed by the soil and replenishes underground water reserves (aquifers)
TRANSPIRATION: Plants release water vapour into the air through leaves in plants
What are biotic factors in an ecosystem?
All living things in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and protists
What are abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
The non living components of an ecosystem, including water, air, temperature, sunlight, soil, etc
What are the types of freshwater ecosystems?
Lakes and ponds, rivers and streams, wetlands
Characteristics: low salinity (salt content) compared to oceans, supports diverse ecosystems, species adapted to specific water conditions
What is an ecological niche?
Refers to the role and function of an organism in its ecosystem, including its habitat, food sources, and interactions with other organisms
Example: a bee’s niche includes pollinating flowers and serving as prey for birds
Name the spheres of the earth
Hydrosphere: all water on earth
Biosphere: the part of earth where life exists
Lithosphere: the earth’s solid outer shell (crust and upper mantle)
Atmosphere: the layer of gasses surrounding earth, composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.
What is a community?
A group of different species living together in a specific area and interacting with each other
What is a population?
All members of a single species living in a specific area
What is an ecosystem?
A system of interacting organisms and their physical environment
What is a biome?
Large geographical areas characterized by specific climate and types of organisms
What is a biosphere?
The global sum of all ecosystems, the zone of life on earth
What is a physical change?
The composition of the substance or object remains exactly the same and no new substance are made
Example: reversible change (eg, melting or freezing), irreversible change (cutting, dissolving)
What is a chemical change
A change that results in the formation of a new substance
Examples: new color appears, new odour, heat/light energy is given off or absorbed, bubbles of gas form, hard to reverse, formation of precipitate
What is/are physical properties?
A physical property is a characteristic pf a substance that can be observed or measured without changing or altering the identity (composition) of the substance’s particles.
Examples: length, color, density, mass, elasticity, pressure, volume, etc.
What is/are chemical properties?
A chemical property is a property of a substance that describes its ability to undergo changes to its composition to produce one or more new substances and can only be observed when the change is happening/made.
Examples: toxicity, oxidation, heat of combustion, chemic stability, flammability, reactivity, etc.
Name the two types of mixtures
Homogeneous: a mixture where components are uniformly distributed and individual parts are not distinguishable. (Eg, saltwater, air)
Heterogeneous: a mixture where the components are not uniformly distinct a and individual parts are distinguishable. (Eg, salad, soil)
What happens is a splint thats on fire comes in contact with oxygen?
The glowing splint reignites when placed in an oxygen rich environment
What happens is a splint thats on fire comes in contact with hydrogen?
A pop sound is produced
What happens is a splint thats on fire comes in contact with carbon dioxide?
The splint goes out completely
What is an ionic compound?
Formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a non metal. The metal forms a positively charged ion and the non metal forms a negative charged ion
How do you name a ionic compound?
Name the metal + name of non metal with an “ide” ending (eg, sodium chloride)
What is a covalent bond?
Form when two or more non metals combine and the electrons are shared
What are the prefixes for covenant bond naming?
(1) Mono, (2) di, (3) tri, (4) tertra, (5) penta, (6) hexa, (7) hepta, (8) octa, (9) nona, (10) deca
What are the parts/structure of an atom?
Proton, neutron, electron, atom mass (# of protons and # of neutrons ), atomic number(the number of proton ls in an atom’s nucleus, which determines the element)
Who proposed the idea of an atom
Democritus (5th century BC)
Who developed the atomic theory
John dalton (1803)
Who discovered the electron
J.J Thomson (1897)
Who discovered the atomic nucleus?
Ernest Rutherford (1911)
Who proposed that elections orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels?
Niels Bohr (1913)
What is an electrostatic series?
A chart ranking elements by their tendency to gain or lose electrons
What is a anion?
Negatively charged ion
What is a cation?
Positively charged ion
What is potential difference?
The energy difference that drives the flow of electrons
What is a current?
Flow of electrons through a conductor
What is voltage?
The force that pushes the current through the circuit
What is Ohm’s law?
A law stating that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance V=RI
What is a series circuit?
Components are connected end-to-end; if one fails, the whole circuit is broken
What is a parallel circuit?
Components are connected across the same two points, if one fails; the other can still function
What is a meteor?
A small piece of rock that enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up
What is a meteorite?
A meteor that survives atmospheric entry and hits the ground (think of how dinosaurs died)
What is an asteroid?
Large rocky bodies in space, mainly in the asteroid belt
What is a comet?
Icy bodies that have tails when they approach the sun
What is an astronomical unit (AU)?
The average distance from earth to the sun (150 million km)
