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Bio/Cog Midterm > Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Multiple Choice Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following organ systems is involved in heat production?

A

muscular

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2
Q

Which of the following organ systems carries waste?

A

cardiovascular

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3
Q

Which of the following is not needed for survival?

A

gravity

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4
Q

Which of the following functions are not considered necessary life functions?

A

prosocial activities

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5
Q

Which of the following terms is used to communicate that an anatomical location in question is in the lower part of the body?

A

caudal

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6
Q

Which of the following terms is used to communicate that an anatomical location in question is on the inner side of another location?

A

medial

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7
Q

Which of the following elements is not necessary to “build” protein molecules?

A

mercury

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8
Q

Homeostatic mechanisms use various feedback systems. Systemically, the most frequently used feedback mechanism is the:

A

negative feedback

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9
Q

Vitamin D is synthesized in the _____________ system:

A

integumentary

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10
Q

The lungs can be found in the _____________ cavity.

A

superior thoracic

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11
Q

The current estimate of the total amount of protein-coding genes of total DNA is:

A

1.2%

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12
Q

Which of the following systems is actually a continuation of the integumentary system?

A

lymphatic

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13
Q

Differences between organisms can be understood as__________________ :

A

an expression of body-environment interactions

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14
Q

The process by which a neuron secretes its neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is called:

A

exocytosis

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15
Q

What is reuptake?

A

neurotransmitter molecules return from synaptic cleft to pre-synaptic site

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16
Q

What is enzymatic degradation?

A

neurotransmitter molecules taken apart to their original ingredients

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17
Q

Longer axons in the brain have myelin sheath made out of:

A

oligodendrocites

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18
Q

The gaps between pre and post-synaptic membranes are called ___________:

A

synaptic clefts

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19
Q

A drug activating a dopaminergic receptor is called a:

A

dopamine agonist

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20
Q

Cell membranes ____________ :

A

Consist of two lipid layers

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21
Q

The main function of the Blood-Brain-Barrier is:

A

Protect neurons from unwanted toxins and blood substances

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22
Q

One of the most important characteristics of a drug molecule destined to medicate brain tissue is:

A

lipid permeability

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23
Q

Which of the following structures in the cell body is responsible to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the necessary biological energy for the various cell functions?

A

mitochondria

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24
Q

One of the most important characteristics of a drug molecule destined to medicate brain tissue is:

A

lipid permeability

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25
Q

What is the role of calcium ions in synaptic transmission?

A

promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with pre-synaptic membrane

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26
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach) action in the synapse is undergoing enzymatic degradation:

A

in the synaptic cleft (or in the post synaptic cleft)

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27
Q

Substance P is a peptide known to play an important role in the sensation of _____ :

A

pain

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28
Q

One of the following brain structures is the bridge between the Central Nervous System, the Peripheral Nervous System, the Endocrinological System and the viscera:

A

hypothalamus

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29
Q

One of the following brain structures houses the Reticular Activating System

A

brain stem

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30
Q

The thalamus is an important relay station for sensory information directed from the periphery to various cortical structures. Which of the following sensory inputs are not reaching the cortex via the thalamus?

A

Olfactory

31
Q

A blockage of the cerebral aqueduct will result in ___________ :

A

hydrocephalis

32
Q

Which part of the brain is known to be involved with long term memory?

A

limbic system

33
Q

Which of the following is not recognized as a function of the cerebellum?

A

initiates volitional movements

34
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by:

A

choroid plexi

35
Q

The thalamus is involved with:

A

subcortical sensory integration

36
Q

The hypothalamus is involved with:

A

coordination of vegetative processes

37
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

the neuronal connection between the two cortical hemispheres

38
Q

What is the massa intermedia?

A

the neuronal connection between the two thalami

39
Q

The meninges protect the:

A

Central Nervous System

40
Q

Which of the following protective layers is intimately attached to the brain?

A

pia matter

41
Q

Which of the following protective layers of the CNS is intimately attached to the skull?

A

dura matter

42
Q

Which of the ventricles is ventral to the cerebellum?

A

4th ventricle

43
Q

Dorsal root ganglia are located:

A

outside the spinal cord

44
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System ganglia are located:

A

outside the spinal cord

45
Q

Spinal nerves innervating muscles of the upper extremities project from the ______________ to the body.

A

neck region

46
Q

The cranial nerves project from the _______ to the body.

A

brain stem

47
Q

Which of the following is considered a Sympathetic effect?

A

secretions by the adrenal medulla

48
Q

Which of the following is considered a Parasympathetic effect?

A

increase in saliva production

49
Q

Which cranial nerve is part of the Autonomic Nervous system?

A

vagus

50
Q

Excitation of one of the following parts of the Autonomic Nervous System is involved with the fight-flight response:

A

Sympathetic division

51
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System ganglia are located:

A

proximal to innervated organs

52
Q

The Eustachian tube ______________ :

A

connects the middle ear with the throat

53
Q

Where can you locate bipolar neurons?

A

in the retina

54
Q

Gustatory receptors are:

A

chemoreceptors

55
Q

Nociceptors are specialized receptors communicating to the brain:

A

pain

56
Q

The Interoceptive system is responsive to communicate to the brain:

A

blood pressure

57
Q

Nociceptors cross the midline in the ___________ :

A

spinal cord

58
Q

Mechanoreceptors cross the midline in the ___________ :

A

medulla

59
Q

Prolactin is a _____________ :

A

pituitary gland hormone

60
Q

Which of the following hormones is associated with the organism’s reaction to stress?

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

61
Q

Inhibitory Factors are released by the hypothalamus in response to one of the following:

A

negative feedback regarding the system’s variable in question

62
Q

Which of the following hormones is associated with migratory behavior of birds?

A

prolactin

63
Q

A Releasing Factor is a hormone secreted by the _____________ :

A

hypothalamus

64
Q

The endocrine system is not considered directly involved in one of the following:

A

social behavior

65
Q

Hyposecretion of Antidiuretic Hormone leads to a condition of _________ :

A

excessive urine output

66
Q

Iodine is an essential element needed for the synthesis of one of the following hormones:

A

thyroxin

67
Q

Which of the following is not considered a voluntary muscle?

A

iris

68
Q

What is a motor pool?

A

all the neurons innervating the fibers of one muscle

69
Q

What is an upper motor neuron?

A

motor neurons in the precentral gyrus

70
Q

What are anabolic steroids?

A

Mimicers of testosterone

71
Q

Lactic acid accumulated in the muscles is the result of ____________ :

A

Inadequate supply of oxygen of overworked muscles (or possibly vigorous exercises)

72
Q

Muscle atrophy can be the result of _____________________ :

A

Damage to the neuropathways below the brain stem

73
Q

Which statement is not correct?

A

An important characteristic of skeletal muscles is their ability to maintain sustained contraction

74
Q

Most motor pathways from the brain to the periphery cross over (decussate) at the _________ level:

A

medulla

Bio/Cog Midterm (4 decks)

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