Multiple Choice Flashcards
Which of the following organ systems is involved in heat production?
muscular
Which of the following organ systems carries waste?
cardiovascular
Which of the following is not needed for survival?
gravity
Which of the following functions are not considered necessary life functions?
prosocial activities
Which of the following terms is used to communicate that an anatomical location in question is in the lower part of the body?
caudal
Which of the following terms is used to communicate that an anatomical location in question is on the inner side of another location?
medial
Which of the following elements is not necessary to “build” protein molecules?
mercury
Homeostatic mechanisms use various feedback systems. Systemically, the most frequently used feedback mechanism is the:
negative feedback
Vitamin D is synthesized in the _____________ system:
integumentary
The lungs can be found in the _____________ cavity.
superior thoracic
The current estimate of the total amount of protein-coding genes of total DNA is:
1.2%
Which of the following systems is actually a continuation of the integumentary system?
lymphatic
Differences between organisms can be understood as__________________ :
an expression of body-environment interactions
The process by which a neuron secretes its neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is called:
exocytosis
What is reuptake?
neurotransmitter molecules return from synaptic cleft to pre-synaptic site
What is enzymatic degradation?
neurotransmitter molecules taken apart to their original ingredients
Longer axons in the brain have myelin sheath made out of:
oligodendrocites
The gaps between pre and post-synaptic membranes are called ___________:
synaptic clefts
A drug activating a dopaminergic receptor is called a:
dopamine agonist
Cell membranes ____________ :
Consist of two lipid layers
The main function of the Blood-Brain-Barrier is:
Protect neurons from unwanted toxins and blood substances
One of the most important characteristics of a drug molecule destined to medicate brain tissue is:
lipid permeability
Which of the following structures in the cell body is responsible to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the necessary biological energy for the various cell functions?
mitochondria
One of the most important characteristics of a drug molecule destined to medicate brain tissue is:
lipid permeability
What is the role of calcium ions in synaptic transmission?
promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with pre-synaptic membrane
Acetylcholine (Ach) action in the synapse is undergoing enzymatic degradation:
in the synaptic cleft (or in the post synaptic cleft)
Substance P is a peptide known to play an important role in the sensation of _____ :
pain
One of the following brain structures is the bridge between the Central Nervous System, the Peripheral Nervous System, the Endocrinological System and the viscera:
hypothalamus
One of the following brain structures houses the Reticular Activating System
brain stem
The thalamus is an important relay station for sensory information directed from the periphery to various cortical structures. Which of the following sensory inputs are not reaching the cortex via the thalamus?
Olfactory
A blockage of the cerebral aqueduct will result in ___________ :
hydrocephalis
Which part of the brain is known to be involved with long term memory?
limbic system
Which of the following is not recognized as a function of the cerebellum?
initiates volitional movements
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by:
choroid plexi
The thalamus is involved with:
subcortical sensory integration
The hypothalamus is involved with:
coordination of vegetative processes
What is the corpus callosum?
the neuronal connection between the two cortical hemispheres
What is the massa intermedia?
the neuronal connection between the two thalami
The meninges protect the:
Central Nervous System
Which of the following protective layers is intimately attached to the brain?
pia matter
Which of the following protective layers of the CNS is intimately attached to the skull?
dura matter
Which of the ventricles is ventral to the cerebellum?
4th ventricle
Dorsal root ganglia are located:
outside the spinal cord
Sympathetic Nervous System ganglia are located:
outside the spinal cord
Spinal nerves innervating muscles of the upper extremities project from the ______________ to the body.
neck region
The cranial nerves project from the _______ to the body.
brain stem
Which of the following is considered a Sympathetic effect?
secretions by the adrenal medulla
Which of the following is considered a Parasympathetic effect?
increase in saliva production
Which cranial nerve is part of the Autonomic Nervous system?
vagus
Excitation of one of the following parts of the Autonomic Nervous System is involved with the fight-flight response:
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic Nervous System ganglia are located:
proximal to innervated organs
The Eustachian tube ______________ :
connects the middle ear with the throat
Where can you locate bipolar neurons?
in the retina
Gustatory receptors are:
chemoreceptors
Nociceptors are specialized receptors communicating to the brain:
pain
The Interoceptive system is responsive to communicate to the brain:
blood pressure
Nociceptors cross the midline in the ___________ :
spinal cord
Mechanoreceptors cross the midline in the ___________ :
medulla
Prolactin is a _____________ :
pituitary gland hormone
Which of the following hormones is associated with the organism’s reaction to stress?
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Inhibitory Factors are released by the hypothalamus in response to one of the following:
negative feedback regarding the system’s variable in question
Which of the following hormones is associated with migratory behavior of birds?
prolactin
A Releasing Factor is a hormone secreted by the _____________ :
hypothalamus
The endocrine system is not considered directly involved in one of the following:
social behavior
Hyposecretion of Antidiuretic Hormone leads to a condition of _________ :
excessive urine output
Iodine is an essential element needed for the synthesis of one of the following hormones:
thyroxin
Which of the following is not considered a voluntary muscle?
iris
What is a motor pool?
all the neurons innervating the fibers of one muscle
What is an upper motor neuron?
motor neurons in the precentral gyrus
What are anabolic steroids?
Mimicers of testosterone
Lactic acid accumulated in the muscles is the result of ____________ :
Inadequate supply of oxygen of overworked muscles (or possibly vigorous exercises)
Muscle atrophy can be the result of _____________________ :
Damage to the neuropathways below the brain stem
Which statement is not correct?
An important characteristic of skeletal muscles is their ability to maintain sustained contraction
Most motor pathways from the brain to the periphery cross over (decussate) at the _________ level:
medulla
