Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics - Exam 3 > Multiple Alleles and Immunogenetics > Flashcards

Multiple Alleles and Immunogenetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

T or F: The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and both are dominant to the O allele.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define codominance.

A

Have the same amount of dominance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who can be the father of this child? Mom is blood type B. Baby is blood type A. John is type AB, Harry is type O, and Sam is type B. What is the genotype of the mother in this problem?

A

The mother has to be BO because she has to share the O with the baby. So that means that the father has to have an A, so it has to be John.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define: Antigen

A

A substance which stimulates production of an antibody.

Seen as “foreign”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define: Antibody

A

A large Y-shape protein produced by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses.
Made in response to the entry of a foreign protein.
Coded for by genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define: Multiple alleles

A

More than 2 forms of the same gene.
Each person can still only have 2 alleles for the locus.
Involves more than just the typical two alleles that usually code for a certain characteristic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define: Codominant

A

Describes genes that each have equal effect in making the character they control appear in offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The A and B proteins that are on the blood cells are (pick one: antigens or antibodies)

A

Antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which blood type is the Universal Donor? The Universal Recipient?

A

Universal Donor: O

Universal Recipient: AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who can donate to Jane if Jane is Type A+?

A

AA, AO, OO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of these loci contain multiple alleles? ABO Locus, HLA Locus, Rh Locus, Beta chain of Hemoglobin

A

Rh Locus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is RhoGAM? Who is it given to and under what conditions is it required?

A

RhoGAM is concentrated Rh+ antibodies. It is injected into mom within 72 hours after they deliver Rh+ baby. The antibodies destroy fetal Rh+ cells prior to mom making the antibodies.
A mother who is Rh- whose child is Rh+.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RhoGAM is given to (Rh+ or Rh-) (mothers or babies) after the birth of an (Rh+ or Rh-) child.(Pick 1 in each set of parentheses)

A

Rh-
mothers
Rh+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does RhoGAM do?

A

RhoGAM antibodies destroy fetal Rh+ cells prior to mom making the antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does HLA stand for? Describe a situation when the alleles at the HLA loci are important medically.

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen
Coded for by 6 closely linked loci on Chr #6.
HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, -DQ, -DP
Greater transplant success if match at HLA loci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define: autograft

A

Taking from one place on the body and using for another place on the same body.
Genetically identical.

17
Q

Define: isograft

A

From an identical twin to the other identical twin.

Genetically identical, no risk of rejection.

18
Q

Define: allograft

A

Taken from and transplanted to the same species.

19
Q

Define: xenograft

A

Donor and recipient of transplant are of a different species.

20
Q

Define: haplotype

A

Array of HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) alleles on a given chr #6.

21
Q

What is organ trafficking? Discuss ethical issues associated with organ trafficking.

A

When a patient acquires a human organ from a donor illegally.
Illegal, unsafe, can cause more medical issues.

22
Q

What is transplant tourism? Discuss ethical issues involved with transplant tourism.

A

Patient (usually rich) travels to a foreign country to acquire human organ from (generally poverty stricken) donor outside legal jurisdiction.
Not legal, unsafe, can cause more medical issues.
Recipient may come back to the US in need of healthcare because of complications, and may use insurance policy. May also need another organ and be higher up on the organ donor list, even though they went and got one illegally and it didn’t work.

23
Q

What is the purpose of T cells? Where are they formed?

A

They fight infection.

T-cells mature in the thymus gland, in the small intestine, and the skin.

24
Q

What is the purpose of B cells? Where are they formed?

A

They secrete antibodies to fight infection or allergic reaction.
B-cells are released from lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen and lymph nodes.

25
Q

What is wrong in individuals with the following disorders? Diabetes (both types), Bruton’s Disease, SCID

A

Diabetes type I: Attacks cells in the pancreas that normally make insulin.
Diabetes type II: Degenerative, happens after 60 yrs.
Bruton’s Disease: Have T-cells, but no B cells, so no antibodies. (x-linked)
SCID: (Bubble boy) Missing T and B cells. 1 type is missing adenosine deaminase enzyme.

26
Q

What disorder did David (the Bubble Boy) have?

A

SCID

Genetics - Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions