Intelligence and Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards
What are the 6 main classes of factors assessed by IQ tests (according to lecture)?
- Space factor, spatial visualization
- Number factor, mathematical reasoning
- Verbal comprehension
- Word fluency
- Ability to memorize
- Inductive reasoning
The average IQ value (based on IQ tests) is set at _____ (fill in a number)
100
Is IQ a good measure of intelligence? Discuss why or why not and back up your opinion with specific examples.
No, not necessarily.
- IQ scores can be changed, tests are modified
- Influence of poverty
- Environment plays a role: persistence, interest, and willingness to study
Approximately what is the range of heritability values for IQ?
(.4 - .8)
Among which group would you expect the IQ Test correlations to be the highest? Why? Full Siblings raised together, DZ twins raised apart, adopted siblings raised together, Half-siblings raised apart, first cousins raised together
Full siblings raised together?
What are some genetic causes of intellectual disabilities?
- PKU (autosomal recessive): Can not properly metabolize phenylalanine
- Galactosemia (autosomal recessive): Toxic levels of galactose in blood
- Hurler Syndrome (autosomal recessive): Missing lysozomal enzyme allows chemical buildup leading to neurological degeneration
- Tay-Sachs Disease (autosomal recessive): Inherited lysozomal storage disorder - missing enzyme
Rett Syndrome (X-Linked dominant): Females only
Approximately ____% of the US population is intellectually disabled.
3%
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Down Syndrome
Trisomy 21
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Rett Syndrome
X-Linked Dominant
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Fragile X Syndrome
Many copies of repeated CGG sequence
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Williams Syndrome
Deletion of 26 genes from chromosome #7
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Patau Syndrome
Trisomy 13
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Edward Syndrome
Trisomy 18
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Galactosemia
Autosomal recessive
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? PKU
Autosomal recessive
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Hurler Syndrome
Autosomal recessive
What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Tay Sachs
Autosomal recessive
Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: Trisomic
Down syndrome
Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: autosomal recessive
PKU
Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: X linked
Rett syndrome
Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: Deletion
William syndrome
In order to be considered to be intellectually disabled, an individual’s IQ is less than ______.
70
What are some environmental factors that can lead to intellectual disabilities?
- Prenatal: Infections, medicines, drugs, alcohol, smoking, maternal health like high blood pressure, diabetes, nutrition
- Perinatal: Oxygen deprivation, premature delivery, low birth weight, twins if small
- Postnatal: Proper nutrition is critical, protein deficiency
Define Perinatal.
At delivery
What is the difference between Premature and Preterm?
Premature: low birth weight of below 5.5 lbs.
Preterm: born before birth date
