Intelligence and Intellectual Disabilities

Question 1

What are the 6 main classes of factors assessed by IQ tests (according to lecture)?

Answer 1

• Space factor, spatial visualization
• Number factor, mathematical reasoning
• Verbal comprehension
• Word fluency
• Ability to memorize
• Inductive reasoning

Question 2

The average IQ value (based on IQ tests) is set at _____ (fill in a number)

Answer 2

100

Question 3

Is IQ a good measure of intelligence? Discuss why or why not and back up your opinion with specific examples.

Answer 3

No, not necessarily.

• IQ scores can be changed, tests are modified
• Influence of poverty
• Environment plays a role: persistence, interest, and willingness to study

Question 4

Approximately what is the range of heritability values for IQ?

Answer 4

(.4 - .8)

Question 5

Among which group would you expect the IQ Test correlations to be the highest? Why? Full Siblings raised together, DZ twins raised apart, adopted siblings raised together, Half-siblings raised apart, first cousins raised together

Answer 5

Full siblings raised together?

Question 6

What are some genetic causes of intellectual disabilities?

Answer 6

• PKU (autosomal recessive): Can not properly metabolize phenylalanine
• Galactosemia (autosomal recessive): Toxic levels of galactose in blood
• Hurler Syndrome (autosomal recessive): Missing lysozomal enzyme allows chemical buildup leading to neurological degeneration
• Tay-Sachs Disease (autosomal recessive): Inherited lysozomal storage disorder - missing enzyme
  Rett Syndrome (X-Linked dominant): Females only

Question 7

Approximately ____% of the US population is intellectually disabled.

Answer 7

3%

Question 8

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Down Syndrome

Answer 8

Trisomy 21

Question 9

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Rett Syndrome

Answer 9

X-Linked Dominant

Question 10

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 10

Many copies of repeated CGG sequence

Question 11

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Williams Syndrome

Answer 11

Deletion of 26 genes from chromosome #7

Question 12

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Patau Syndrome

Answer 12

Trisomy 13

Question 13

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Edward Syndrome

Answer 13

Trisomy 18

Question 14

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Galactosemia

Answer 14

Autosomal recessive

Question 15

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? PKU

Answer 15

Autosomal recessive

Question 16

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Hurler Syndrome

Answer 16

Autosomal recessive

Question 17

What is the genetic basis of each of the following disorders? Tay Sachs

Answer 17

Autosomal recessive

Question 18

Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: Trisomic

Answer 18

Down syndrome

Question 19

Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: autosomal recessive

Answer 19

PKU

Question 20

Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: X linked

Answer 20

Rett syndrome

Question 21

Give the name of a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disabilities and is inherited in each of the manners below: Deletion

Answer 21

William syndrome

Question 22

In order to be considered to be intellectually disabled, an individual’s IQ is less than ______.

Answer 22

70

Question 23

What are some environmental factors that can lead to intellectual disabilities?

Answer 23

• Prenatal: Infections, medicines, drugs, alcohol, smoking, maternal health like high blood pressure, diabetes, nutrition
• Perinatal: Oxygen deprivation, premature delivery, low birth weight, twins if small
• Postnatal: Proper nutrition is critical, protein deficiency

Question 24

Define Perinatal.

Answer 24

At delivery

Question 25

What is the difference between Premature and Preterm?

Answer 25

Premature: low birth weight of below 5.5 lbs.
Preterm: born before birth date