multiculturalism Flashcards
what is multiculturalism?
“Multiculturalism is a situation in which all the different cultural or racial groups in a society have equal
rights and opportunities, and none is ignored or regarded as unimportant.” (Collins Dictionary)
“Multiculturalism, the view that cultures, races, and ethnicities, particularly those of minority groups,
deserve special acknowledgment of their differences within
a dominant political culture.”
what is the sociological fact of multiculturalism
“As a sociological fact, multiculturalism refers to the
presence of people from diverse racial and ethnic
backgrounds. Ideologically, multiculturalism consists of a
relatively coherent set of ideas and ideals pertaining to the
celebration of Canada’s cultural diversity. At the policy level,
multiculturalism refers to the management of diversity
through formal initiatives in the federal, provincial, territorial
and municipal domains.
describe the evolution of multiculturalism policy through the incipient stage (pre 1971)
The incipient stage (Pre-1971)
“The era preceding 1971 can best be described as a time of
gradual movement toward acceptance of ethnic diversity as
legitimate and integral to Canadian society.” (Page 2)
describe the evolution of multiculturalism policy through the formative period (1971-1981)
The formative period (1971-1981)
“Early multicultural policies concentrated on cultural preservation and intercultural sharing through promotion of
ethnic presses and festivals…” (Page 6)
describe the evolution of multiculturalism policy through institutionalization (1982 to the present)
“…the rejuvenated multiculturalism policy emphasized
cross-cultural understanding and the attainment of social
and economic integration through institutional change,
affirmative action to equalize opportunity, and the removal of
discriminating barriers.” (Page 6)
“equality through the removal of racially discriminatory
barriers became the main focus of multicultural
programs” (Page 4)
what is internment?
“Internment is the forcible confinement or detention of a
person during wartime.”
what is the background of japanese internment?
Background of jap intern.
“Beginning in the late 1870s, thousands of Japanese people came to Canada seeking a better future for themselves and their families.” (Japanese Canadian Internment in the second World War)
“Ever since the first Japanese person, a man named Manzo Nagano, stepped ashore in New Westminster in 1877, White settlers in British
Columbia tried to exclude people whom they considered to be
“undesirables.” They passed laws to keep Japanese people from
working in the mines; to prevent them from voting; and to prohibit
them from working on any project funded by the province.” (The
Canadian Encyclopedia)
“Despite widespread anti-Asian feelings in British Columbia, many of
these immigrants prospered and raised new generations of
Japanese Canadians.” (Japanese Canadian Internment in the second World War)
what is the brief history to japanese internment?
Brief History
“In 1939, Germany invaded Poland, and World War II began.
France and Great Britain declared war on Germany, and
Canada, as part of the British Empire, joined the war on the
British side.
“Over the next two years, while the war raged in Europe,
Japan was moving across Asia. On December 7, 1941, the
Japanese navy attacked a United States naval base at Pearl
Harbour in Hawaii. At the same time, Japan declared war on
the United Kingdom, Canada and the United
States.” (Schwartz)
(more quotes to know about japanese internment i suppose)
quotes jap. intern.
“In Canada, Japanese Canadians were branded ‘enemy
aliens’ and quickly lost their rights. The government, fearful
that they would be loyal to Japan and would share war
secrets with the enemy, took away their fishing boats, cars,
radios and cameras. The Japanese were subject to a dawnto-dusk curfew.
“From the army point of view, I cannot see that Japanese
Canadians constitute the slightest menace to national
security,” wrote Major-General Kenneth Stuart. Nevertheless,
BC politicians were in a rage. They spoke of the Japanese
“in the way that the Nazis would have spoken about Jewish
Germans,” said Escott Reid, a Canadian diplomat. “When
they spoke I felt… the physical presence of evil.” (The
Canadian Encyclopedia)
“In the spring of 1942, the Canadian government began to
remove 22,000 Japanese Canadians from the west coast of
British Columbia. Men between the ages of eighteen and
forty-five were sent to road camps in the interior to build
roads. Women, children and older people were sent to
internment camps, many in abandoned mining or logging
‘ghost towns.’ Small, primitive shacks were hastily built to
house them. The people lost their homes, businesses and
possessions, never to get them back.” (Schwartz)
“Although World War II ended in 1945, the Canadian
government did not allow Japanese Canadians to return to
the west coast until 1949. Most had lost their homes and
possessions. They had to build their lives all over again.”
“In 1988, the Government of Canada formally apologized to
Japanese Canadians for their treatment during World War
II.”
jap can. apology quote
Apology to Japanese Canadians-September 22, 1988
“Today, after 40 years, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney formally
apologizes to Japanese Canadian survivors and their
families. During the Second World War, 22,000 Japanese
Canadians were uprooted from their homes, separated from
their families and sent away to camps. Not one was ever
charged with an act of disloyalty. Art Miki, of the National
Association of Japanese Canadians, calls the apology and
$300 million compensation package ‘a settlement that
heals.’”
asahi baseball team history
asahi baseball team history
“When Japanese immigrants started arriving in Canada in
the early 1900s to work as fishers, loggers and labourers, they formed baseball teams in their new home. In 1914, a
group of players, under the leadership of Coach Matsujiro
‘Harry’ Miyasaki, formed the Vancouver Asahi baseball club.”
“The team went on to great success, particularly in the
1930s, winning numerous tournaments and championships.
The team was disbanded when its members were dispersed
across Canada due to the Japanese-Canadian internment
during World War II.”
explain enemy aliens
“The term enemy alien referred to people from countries, or
with roots in countries, that were at war with Canada. During
the First World War, this included immigrants from the
German, Austro-Hungarian and Bulgaria; during the Second
World War, people with Japanese, German and Italian
ancestry.”
explain war measure act
“The War Measures Act was a federal law adopted
by Parliament on August 22, 1914, after the beginning of
the First World War. It gave broad powers to the Canadian
government to maintain security and order during ‘war,
invasion or insurrection.’ It was used, controversially, to
suspend the civil liberties of people in Canada who were
considered ‘enemy aliens’ during both world wars. This led
to mass arrests and detentions without charges or
trials. ”
explain hastings park
Hastings Park
“In early 1942, after Canada declared War on Japan, the
Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) grounds at Hastings Park
in east Vancouver were used to temporarily house Japanese
Canadians who were being uprooted from the BC Coast.
Over 8000 were detained in the exhibition buildings and
stables at Hastings Park before being sent to internment
sites in the BC interior or to work camps across the country.”
define brain ball from asahi baseball
To outplay more powerful teams, (more athletic) they adopted such strategies which became known as ‘brainball’ or “smartball’ by bunting and aggressive base stealing.
