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dawson > intro to computers 001 > Flashcards

intro to computers 001 Flashcards

1
Q

which computer did william oughtred invent and what technology did he use

A

WILLIAM OUGHTRED invented the SLIDE RULE

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2
Q

which computer did blaise pascal invent and what technology did he use

A

BLAISE PASCAL invented the PASCALINE, first numeral calculating machine

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3
Q

which computer did charles babbage invent and what technology did he use

A

CHARLES BABBAGE

  • designed the difference machine to calculate logs but never built it
  • ANALYTICAL MACHINE [first general purpose computer] used PUNCH CARDS
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4
Q

which computer did alan turing and MHA newman invent and what technology did he use

A

ALAN TURING & MHA NEWMAN invented the COLOSSUS [world’s first programmable, digital, electronic, computing devices]. they used VACUUM TUBES to perform calculations

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5
Q

what is the eniac

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator Computer which used VACUUM TUBES

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6
Q

what is univac

A

UNIVAC uses MAGNETIC TAPE unit as a buffer memory

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7
Q

what is system/360

A

SYSTEM 360 was IBM’S first family computer

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8
Q

what is the MITS

A

MITS is the ALTAIR COMPUTER, THE I/O consisted of SWITCHES and LIGHTS designed by ED ROBERTS and BILL YATES

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9
Q

who founded microsoft

A

bill gates founded microsoft n paul allen adapt and sell basic to mits for the altair pc

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10
Q

what is a computer

A
  1. access input [keyboard, mouse]
  2. processes data [cpu]
  3. stores data [hdd, ssd, usb…]
  4. produces output [display, printer…]

it is done by a series of instructions

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11
Q

primary storage, memory

A

temp. holds data

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12
Q

secondary storage

A

data stored permanently

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13
Q

file

A

collection of data stored within files

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14
Q

program software

A

series of instructions that tell processing tasks

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15
Q

types of computers

A

pc, workstation, server [data–client], mainframe [thousands of users], videogame console, handheld

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16
Q

microcontroller

A

microcontroller is a special purpose microprocessor built into machine

17
Q

how does software work

A

compilers transform source code to machine code, which instructions a cpu can execute

18
Q

what is firmware

A

firmware is software stored on non-volatile/permanent storage [bios: basic input output system, uefi: unified extended firmware interface] it can be stored into rom, prom, eprom, or flash memory

19
Q

what is os

A

[mac os, dos, windows, linux, unix]

controls and monitors the execution of all programs, provides application program interface [api].

user interface allows to un programs, manage storage, customize environment

20
Q

what happens when you boot a computer

A
  1. computer verifies comp op, os is loaded from hdd to ram

boot program [rom] tells hard disk to load os which is from hdd, which gets loaded in the ram, where the os is available in the processor

21
Q

multitasking

A

a single core can only perform a single task, one thing at a time it’s an illusion; there is a queue. a multicore processor can perform many tasks at a time

22
Q

what is copyright

A

a copyright is a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work exclusive right to copy, distribute,

23
Q

how are the ways to use a computer program

A

single user, multiple user, site

24
Q

what is EULA

A

EULA is [end-user license agreement] which is displayed on screen when you first install software. it tends to be difficult to read.

25
Q

types of software licenses

A
  • property of software licenses
  • shareware (free for limited time)
  • freeware (free for unlimited time, but copy and share can be limited)
  • open source: GPL (General public license) -> free to run, study, modify, share. BSD (Berkley software distribution)
26
Q

data storage basics

A
  • access time: time it takes to access the requested information
  • transfer rate: rate at which data is transferred from the device to the memory
  • sequential or random access
27
Q

second generation data storage device

A
  • magnetic storage device [magnetizing]
  • interfaces: sata: serial advanced technology attachment
    sas: serial attached scsi
  • has its own optimized cpu
28
Q

third generation data storage

A

optical storage [microscopic light and dark spots]: cd, dvd, blu-ray. random access
RO: read-only
R: recordable
RW: rewritable

29
Q

fourth generation data storage

A

SSD [erasable, rewritable, higher transfer random access.
interface: SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
SAS: serial attached SCSI

SSD MEMORY CARDS

USB [universal serial bus] FLASH DRIVES

30
Q

fifth generation data storage

A

the cloud over the internet

31
Q

file system

A

os manages by providing a file system that is hierarchical

  • files are leaf or terminal nodes in the tree structure [only contain data]
  • folders [contain other folders and files]
32
Q

file formats

A

fat32, exfat [extended fat], ntfs [new technology file system]

dawson (4 decks)

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