multicellularity

Question 1

ant workers

Answer 1

• get genes directly from queen
• do not evolve!
• do not reproduce
• programmed by queen / an extension of the queen / an organ of the queen but not attached

Question 2

super organism

Answer 2

many individuals operating as one

Question 3

SOMA cells

Answer 3

somatic cells
- almost all cells of the body
- destined to die
- an evolutionary dead end

single celled organisms dont have a SOMA
SOMA serves the germline

Question 4

germline

Answer 4

sex cells and their precursors
- the unbroken connection between past and future generations

Question 5

why do workers act in the queen’s interest

Answer 5

because she is the one who gives their genes

Question 6

why do individual cells act in the interest of the whole organism

Answer 6

because the germline gives the somatic cells their gene

Question 7

journey of an egg

Answer 7

1. egg leaves ovary and enters fallopian tube
2. sperm enters egg and unites with nucleus (fertilisation)
3. fertilised egg divides
4. cells attach to uterus

Question 8

emergence

Answer 8

when something is more than the sum of its parts
ie. synergy
1+ 1> 2
1+1=2 is not emergence

ie. a house is more than its parts
ie. individual ants do not float at all but ant colonies float
ie. a sentence is more than the sum of words
ie. a multicellular organism is more than many cells

when possibilities seem exhausted –> use emergence and get more possibilities