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National 5 Biology > Multicellular Organisms > Flashcards

Multicellular Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

What is the name of the largest artery in the body found at the exit of the left ventricle?

A

Aorta

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3
Q

What are the features of an artery?

A

Blood vessel with thick muscular walls, that carries oxygenated blood at high pressure.

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4
Q

What is the name of the chambers in the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs?

A

Atrium - left and right

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5
Q

What transport oxygen, carbon dioxide glucose etc around the body?

A

The blood.

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6
Q

What part of a flower produces pollen?

A

The anther

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7
Q

What is a bronchiole?

A

Small air tubes found in the lungs that end at a cluster of alveoli.

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8
Q

What is the name of the air tubes at the end of the trachea?

A

Bronchi. Bronchus for one tube.

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9
Q

What is the name of the organ in the CNS that coordinates vital functions?

A

The brain.

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10
Q

What is the blood vessel where exchange of materials occurs?

A

The capillaries.

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11
Q

What strengthens the trachea?

A

The rings of cartilage.

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12
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nervous system. It consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

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13
Q

Which part of the brain controls balance and movement?

A

The cerebellum.

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14
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Memory, learning and decision making.

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15
Q

What are the small hair like structures on cells found in the trachea?

A

Cilia

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16
Q

Phloem are made up of sieve tube and what type of cells?

A

Companion cells

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17
Q

Eye colour and hair colour are what type of variation?

A

Discrete variation

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18
Q

A dominant allele will always show in an organisms….

A

Phenotype

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19
Q

Almost all cells have 2 set of chromosomes. What is this known as?

A

Diploid

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20
Q

What type of glads produce hormones

A

Endocrine glands.

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21
Q

When a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell it is known as?

A

Fertilisation

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22
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells eg sperm cells, egg cells and pollen

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23
Q

What is an organisms genotype?

A

The alleles for all genes that the organisms possesses.

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24
Q

What hormone is produced by the pancreas when blood glucose levels decrease?

A

Glucagon

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25
Q

When blood glucose levels are high what is it converted into by insulin?

A

Glycogen

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26
Q

What changes shape that causes the opening and closing of stomata?

A

Guard cells

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27
Q

A red pigment in blood that transports oxygen as oxyhemoglobin.

A

Haemoglobin

28
Q

Gametes only have 1 set of chromosomes. What is this known as?

A

Haploid.

29
Q

When an organism contains 2 different alleles for a particular genes it is known as?

A

Heterozygous

30
Q

When an organism contains 2 sets of the same allele it is known as?

A

Homozygous.

31
Q

What hormone converts glucose to glycogen?

A

Insulin

32
Q

What type of vessel in villi absorbs fats?

A

Lacteal

33
Q

What provides strength and support to xylem cells?

A

The rings of lignin

34
Q

What area of the brain controls processes such as heart and breathing rate?

A

Medulla

35
Q

Area of a part where undifferentiated cells are found?

A

Meristem

36
Q

Cells in a leaf that carry out photosynthesis.

A

The mesophyll cells.

37
Q

What is the name for cell division?

A

Mitosis.

38
Q

What neurone carries impulses from the CNS to the effectors such as muscle cells?

A

The motor neurones.

39
Q

What substance traps dirt and bacteria in the trachea?

A

Mucus

40
Q

Where are female sex cells produced?

A

The ovaries.

41
Q

What organ produces the hormones insulin and glucagon?

A

The pancreas

42
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The muscular movement what pushes food along the digestive system.

43
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical characteristics possessed by an organism.

44
Q

What transports dissolved sugar around a plant?

A

Phloem

45
Q

What is a polygenic characteristic?

A

The inheritance of a characteristic controlled by 2 or more genes eg height.

46
Q

What blood vessel caries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

The pulmonary artery.

47
Q

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein.

48
Q

What is the process where pollen is transferred via the wind or animal the to stigma of another plant?

A

Pollination.

49
Q

What is the name of an allele that can only be shown in the phenotype if another same allele is present?

A

Recessive

50
Q

What cell in the blood is responsible for the transport of oxygen?

A

The red blood cells.

51
Q

What is the reflex action?

A

An automatic involuntary response to a stimulus. They are protective or help maintain body processes.

52
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

A nervous pathway which controls the reflex action. It does not require input from the brain.

53
Q

What neurone transmits impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone?

A

The relay neurone.

54
Q

What is a root hair?

A

An extension of a plant root that increases surface area for the uptake of water and minerals from the soil.

55
Q

What are stem cells?

A

They are undifferentiated cell found in animals. They can divide into more stem cells or specialised cells. There are 2 types, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.

56
Q

What is the pore found on the bottom of a leaf that is controlled by guard cells?

A

Stoma

57
Q

What is the name of the gap between neurones?

A

A synapse

58
Q

What male organ produces sperm?

A

The testes.

59
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Water loss from the leaves of a plant.

60
Q

What stops the back flow of blood in the heart and veins?

A

Valves

61
Q

Describe continuous variation.

A

Difference in a characteristic which are found on a range or scale between minimum and maximum values eg height or mass.

62
Q

Describe discrete variation.

A

Differences in a characteristic which can be placed into a group eg blood group or tongue rolling.

63
Q

What is the name of the small projections in the lining of the small intestine?

A

Villi

64
Q

What vessels carry water in a plant?

A

Xylem vessels.

65
Q

What is the name of a fertilised egg?

A

A zygote.

66
Q

Different forms of a particular gene describes an?

A

Allele

National 5 Biology (3 decks)

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