Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

National 5 Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is an active site?

A

The position on the surface if an enzyme molecule to which a specific substrate molecule can bind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What do A, G, T, C and U represent?

A

They represent the names of bases of DNA (a,t,g,c) and RNA (a,g,c and U).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of a substance across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

The release of energy from foods such as glucose using Oxygen; also produces water and Carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine diphosphate. When combined with phosphate makes ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

The building block of proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Y-shaped protein that is involved in the defence of animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Laboratory procedures designed to prevent contamination and keep sterile conditions are known as?

A

Aseptic techniques.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of the important chemical involved in transfer of energy in cells. It contains Adenosine and 3 inorganic phosphates.

A

ATP - Adenosine triphosphate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are base pairs?

A

Complementary bases found in DNA. A-T & G-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is carbon fixation?

A

A stage of photosynthesis which does not require light where carbon dioxide is combined with hydrogen to make carbohydrates (glucose/sugar).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is left unaltered after the reaction?

A

A catalyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a cell culture?

A

The growth of cells in artificial conditions and in isolation of their original source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do chromosomes become aligned during cell division (mitosis)?

A

The equator of a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the features of the cell membrane?

A

It consists of a double layer of lipid molecules with associated proteins and controls the movements of substances into and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What organisms contain a cell wall?

A

Plants, fungi and some bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cellulose is the main structural component of what?

A

Cell walls in plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy?

A

Chlorophyll.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

An organelle containing Chlorophyll; it’s the site of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

A copy of a chromosome visible during cell division (mitosis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is composed of DNA that codes for all characteristics in an organism, contains hereditary material and is found in the nucleus of a cell?

A

A chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference in concentration between substances inside and outside of a cell called?

A

The concentration gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is it called when an enzyme breaks a large molecule into smaller molecules?

A

Degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Definition of denaturation and what causes it?

A

Change to the shape and structure of an enzyme which stops it functioning. Usually happens due to high temperatures or extremes of pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Definition of diffusion.

A

Passive movement of small molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane.

25
Q

What is it called when a cell contains 2 sets of chromosomes?

A

Diploid

26
Q

What is DNA?

A

A chemical which forms chromosomes that carries genetic information of an organism.

27
Q

What is the shape of DNA called?

A

Double stranded helix

28
Q

Definition of an enzyme.

A

Protein produced by living cells that acts as a biological catalyst.

29
Q

What is produced from pyruvate during the process of fermentation in yeast?

A

Ethanol.

30
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A chemical pathway which occurs during respiration in the absence of oxygen.

31
Q

What is it called when a plant cell contains less than the maximum volume of water it can hold?

A

Flaccid

32
Q

What is the name of a region of a chromosome which contains genetic information that codes for a specific protein?

A

A gene

33
Q

Definition of genetic code.

A

The sequence of bases on a DNA molecule which determines an organisms characteristics.

34
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

The artificial transfer of genetic information from one donor cell or organism to another cell or organism.

35
Q

What is glycolysis and what is produced?

A

First stage of respiration (happens with or without oxygen). Glucose is broken down into pyruvate.

36
Q

What is a hormone?

A

Protein released by an endocrine gland into the blood to act as a chemical messenger.

37
Q

What is produced from pyruvate during fermentation in animal cells?

A

Lactic acid.

38
Q

What is photolysis?

A

The first stage of photosynthesis producing Hydrogen and ATP required in the carbon fixation stage.

39
Q

What is a variable called when in short supply limits the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

A limiting factor eg light intensity in photosynthesis.

40
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

A

The description of the shape of an enzymes active site must match the shape of a substrate molecule for a reaction to take place.

41
Q

What is mRNA?

A

A single stranded substance that carries a complementary copy of genetic code from DNA (in the nucleus) to a ribosome (in the cytoplasm).

42
Q

Where is the site of aerobic respiration?

A

In the mitochondria of a cell.

43
Q

What is the process of cell division when a cell is split into 2 identical daughter cells.

A

Mitosis

44
Q

What is the control centre of a cell that contains genetic information?

A

Nucleus

45
Q

What is an optimum condition?

A

It is the best conditions for a reaction to take place.

46
Q

Definition of osmosis.

A

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane.

47
Q

What is the process by which plants produce food?

A

Photosynthesis

48
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A small circular molecule of DNA found in bacteria.

49
Q

When a plant cell has lost and the vacuole and cytoplasm have shrunk away from the cell wall is known as?

A

Plasmolysed

50
Q

What is the process by which a cell releases energy from food?

A

Respiration

51
Q

What is the small organelle which acts as the site of protein synthesis?

A

Ribosome

52
Q

What is RNA?

A

Similar to DNA but only one strand. mRNA used in protein synthesis.

53
Q

What is selectively permeable?

A

Cell membrane that allows small soluble molecules to pass through but prevents larger molecules from doing so.

54
Q

Enzymes are said to be what to substrates?

A

Specific to each substrate, one enzyme for each substrate

55
Q

What is the function of spindle fibres?

A

Pull chromatids to the poles during cell division (mitosis).

56
Q

When a plant contains the maximum volume of water it is said to be?

A

Turgid

57
Q

What is a vector?

A

A vehicle used to transfer genetic material (gene) from one organism to another.

58
Q

What is a unicellular fungus used in brewing and baking?

A

Yeast

59
Q

What is a virus?

A

A very small microorganism that can be used as a vector in the transfer of genetic information.

National 5 Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions