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biology > multicellular organisms > Flashcards

multicellular organisms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

use of mitosis

A

produces new cells for growth and repair of damaged cells, maintains chromosome complement.

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2
Q

a cell divides every twenty minutes how many cells produced after one hour?

A

8

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3
Q

what is produced at the end of mitosis

A

2 identical daughter cells

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4
Q

what controls mitosis

A

nucleus

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5
Q

the central nervous system contains

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

cerebrum controls

A

movement and conscious thoughts

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7
Q

cerebellum controls

A

balance and posture

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8
Q

medulla controls

A

heart rate and breathing

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9
Q

how are messages carried around the body

A

hormones + nerves

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10
Q

what are the 3 neurons

A

sensory- inter - motor

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11
Q

what is function of sensory neuron

A

pass information from sense organs (ears,nose,eyes,hands) to the CNS

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12
Q

what is the function of the motor neuron

A

enable a response to occur at an effector

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13
Q

what is the function of an inter neuron

A

processes information from senses that require a response

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14
Q

flow of information order

A

stimuli-receptor-sensory-motot-effector-response

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15
Q

what travels along the sensory neuron

A

electrical impulses

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16
Q

how are responses carried

A

eletrical impulses

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17
Q

how do messages travel from one neuron to another

A

synapse

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18
Q

hormones are released from

A

endocrine gland

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19
Q

hormones are

A

chemicals traveling in the blood acting slower

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20
Q

what hormone causes an increase in blood pressure

A

insulin

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21
Q

what hormone causes a decrease in blood pressure

A

glucagon

22
Q

what organ produces insulin

A

pancreas

23
Q

what is the target tissue for insulin and glucagon

A

liver

24
Q

glucose is

A

a small soluble carbohydrate

25
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical messengers

26
Q

what is fertilization

A

fusion of nuclei of two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote which divides to form an embryo

27
Q

describe pollen

A

male gamete in plants, found in the anthers.

28
Q

describe ovules

A

female gametes in plants, found in the ovary.

29
Q

events of pollination

A

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. often carried out by bees.

30
Q

what is variation

A

genetic differences between individuals of the same species.

31
Q

two types of variation are

A

discrete, continous

32
Q

example of discrete variation

A

eye colour, blood type ear lobes

33
Q

example of continuous variation

A

human hand span, shell diameter in limpets

34
Q

definition of an allele

A

different forms of a gene

35
Q

definition of phenotype

A

physical appearance based on the genotypes

36
Q

definition of genotype

A

an indivuduals allels for a particular characteristiv

37
Q

what organs do plants have

A

leaves , stem , roots

38
Q

xylem structure

A

one direction , dead cells, ligmified, water only

39
Q

phloem structure

A

both direction , living cells , sieve tubes, glucose only

40
Q

whats transpiration

A

process of water moving through a plant and its evaporation through the stomata in the leaves.

41
Q

what can be used to measure transpiration

A

potometer

42
Q

what affects transpiration positively

A

wind speed, temperature, surface area

43
Q

what affects transpiration negatively

A

humidity

44
Q

how can the cytoplasm be continuous

A

sieve plates

45
Q

what job does the blood do

A

transport nutrients ,oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

46
Q

what is blood made of

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma

47
Q

name 2 white blood cells

A

phagocytes lymphocytes

48
Q

atrierys carry blood ________ from the heart

A

away

49
Q

veins carry blood _____ to the heart

A

back

50
Q

describe veins

A

large central channel, thin muscular walls , high pressure

51
Q

describe arteries

A

small central channels , thick muscular walls, low pressure

52
Q

describe capillarys

A

allow efficent exchange of materials, large surface area.

biology (10 decks)

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