multicellular and tissue levels chapter 9 Flashcards
porifera
sponges
osculum
opening at the top where water exits
spongocoel
large chamber
spicules
skeleton of calcium carbonate, slender rods 3-4 rayed
choanocytes
flagellated collar cells lining the inside canals, maintain current of water, they trap and phagocytize food particles
archaeocytes
free cells, may function in digestion or secretion of spicules or collagen
mesoglea
gelatinous “connective tissue” layer between cells
what are the 3 types of sponges?
Asconoid Sponge, Sychnoid sponge, Leuconoid sponge
Monoecious
having both female and males sexes in one body
asexual reproduction includes…
regeneration, budding and gemmules
gemmules
internal buds (dormant), masses of cells that are encapsulated and survive periods of harsh conditions
regeneration
replacement of lost parts
budding
external buds of tissue drop pff pf parent
Asconoid
simple sponges; small, shallow-water marine sponge, vase or tube like
sychoid sponge
larger than asconoid sponge; tubular body but body wall is thicker and more complex canals
Leuconoid sponges
form large colonial masses each member having own osculum, flagellated chambers that led to canals then to osculum
sessile
does not move
cnidocytes
stinging capsules
ectoderm
becomes epidermis
endoderm
becomes gastrodermis
mesoglea cells
jellylike layer between epidermis and gastrodermis
what is the function of cnidae?
- attachment - have stick secretions that help anchor
- defense - spines that penetrate
- feeding - spines with hollow tips to discharge paralyzing toxins
Medusa
tentacles and mouth down, dioecious and free swimming
polyp
tentacles and mouth up, asexual and sessile
hydrozoans taxonomy
Kingdom: animalia
Phylum: cnidarian
Class: Hydrozoa
hydrozoa habitat
freshwater
hydrozoa features
- polyp tubular body (tentacle up)
- nematocysts
- cnidocytes (hold and produce nemacysts)
nematocytes
the coiled filament, located on the cnidocytes allow to sting and paralyze prey
statocyst
small sac containg CaCO3 moves in response to gravity
epidermis
cuboidal cells outside
Jelly fish taxonomy
Phylum: cnidarian
Class: Scyphozoa
the dominant stage for a jelly fish (scyphozoa)
medusa stage
meaning of scyphozoa
“cup” and zoon “animal”
meaning of anthozoa
“flower animals”
anthozoa organism
Corals and Sea Anemones
Sea anemone has which stage
polyp stage, no medusa stage
sea anemone reproduction
Sexually (depending on the species)
Asexually (regeneration, fission)
planula
solid ball of cells
what are the 3 reefs?
fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll reef
list organisms in each class Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, Scyphozoa
Hydrozoa: hydras
Anthozoa: sea anemone
Scyphozoa: jelly fish
how does a sponge obtain food?
feed on plankton and bacteria, the choancyte collar collects food with finger like microvilli
pinacocytes
regulate water circulation
how do cnidarians use nematocysts to obtain food?
nematocysts harpoon prey, paralyze prey and engulf with mouth
different methods of reproduction in sponge
sexually and asexually
