Multi-store model of memory Flashcards
What is duration?
How long the information in our memory lasts
What is capacity?
How much information our memory can hold
What is encoding?
How information goes in and the format in which it is stored
What is the duration of STM?
18 seconds
What did Peterson and Peterson investigate?
The duration of STM
What did Peterson and Peterson ask participants to do in their study?
- Presented with consonant syllables and a 3 digit number to be remembered
- Asked to count backwards after a delay of a varying amount of times
- Then recall information
What were Peterson and Petersons findings?
That STM duration is less than 18 seconds if maintenance/verbal rehearsal is prevented
What were 2 limitations of Peterson and Petersons study?
- Low ecological validity as artificial stimulus material used
- Results may be inaccurate due to participants guessing what they would be asked to do
What is the duration of the long term memory?
Potentially unlimited
Who investigated the duration of LTM?
Bahrick
What were participants asked to do in Bahricks study?
Ex high school pupils asked to:
- Recall as many names as possible
- Put names to faces from high school year book
What were the results of Bahricks study?
48 years later = 70% accuracy
What is one strength and one limitation of Bahricks study?
- Meaningful stimulus material so duration was better
- Participants may have looked at year book/seen classmates since high school leading to better recall
What is the capacity of the long term memory?
Infinite
What is the capacity of short term memory?
7 + / - 2 chunks
What did Miller/Jacobs do in their investigation of the capacity of STM?
Participants were presented with a 3 digit sequence of digits/letter to remember. He assessed the capacity using digit span technique
What is encoding in STM?
Acoustic
What is encoding in LTM?
Semantic
What did Baddeley give participants in his lap experiment?
List of words that were acoustically similar/dissimilar and a list of words that were semantically similar/dissimilar
What were the results of Baddeleys experiment?
More difficulty remembering Acoustically similar words in STM but not LTM
More difficulty remembering semantically similar words in LTM but not STM
What are the three stores in the MSM?
Sensory, STM + LTM
What causes the information in the sensory store to be transferred to the STM?
Attention
What happens if information in the STM is not rehearsed?
It decays
What happens with increased/frequent maintenance rehearsal of information in the STM?
It is transferred to the LTM