Cognitive Interview

Question 1

What is cognitive interview?

Answer 1

A police technique used to interview witnesses of crime

Question 2

What is the cognitive interview based on?

Answer 2

What psychologists have discovered about memory

Question 3

What does the cognitive interview encourage witnesses to do?

Answer 3

Recreate the original context to increase the accessibility of stored information

Question 4

Who devised the cognitive interview?

Answer 4

Fisher and Gieselman

Question 5

How many components does the cognitive interview consist of?

Answer 5

Four

Question 6

What are the 4 components of cognitive interview?

Answer 6

• REPORT EVERYTHING
• MENTAL REINSTATEMENT
• CHANGING THE ORDER
• CHANGING THE PERSPECTIVE

Question 7

What does the ‘Report Everything’ component require the participant to do?

Answer 7

Reporting everything known about the event, including every single detail

Question 8

What is the aim of the report everything component?

Answer 8

Increase consistency between actual event and recreated situation, so there is a higher chance the witness will recall more accurate details

Question 9

What does MENTAL REINSTATEMENT OF ORIGINAL CONTEXT require the participant to do?

Answer 9

Mentally recreate the external environment from the original incident

Question 10

What does CHANGING THE ORDER require the participant to do?

Answer 10

Reversing/changing the order in which the events occurred

Question 11

What is the aim of changing the order?

Answer 11

To vary the route through memory to increase recall

Question 12

What does CHANGING THE PERSPECTIVE require the participant to do?

Answer 12

Recall the incident from another perspective, eg. how it would appear to other witnesses

Question 13

Did Kohkens research support the use of cognitive interview?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What did Kohnken research?

Answer 14

The effectiveness of CI

Question 15

What did Kohknens study involve

Answer 15

A meta-analysis of 53 studies

Question 16

What did Kohnken find?

Answer 16

a 34% increase in correct recall when using CI, compared with the standard interview

Question 17

What did Milne and Bulls study into the effectiveness of the individual 4 components involve?

Answer 17

-Undergrad students and children were interviewed using just 1 component, and compared to a control condition

Question 18

What did Milne and Bull find?

Answer 18

Report Everything and Mental Reinstatement components gave the best recall used together rather than just one component
-Using 1 component was no better than simply ‘try again’

Question 19

What do the results of Milne and Bulls study show?

Answer 19

CI is a more effective way to access memories than existing interview methods

Question 20

Which two studies investigated the effectiveness of CI?

Answer 20

Kohknen and Milne and Bull

Question 21

Why is there difficulty in establishing the effectiveness of CI?

Answer 21

There are many different versions used by police forces, so it is difficult to establish the effectiveness

Question 22

What are some time issues associated with CI?

Answer 22

It is more time consuming than standard interviews and the police generally prefer to use quicker methods that limit the amount of information collected

Question 23

What is a real world application of CI?

Answer 23

• The existing interview technique in Brazil was torture and other ill treatment
• A study showed that CI increased the amount of correct and forensically rich information obtained in Brazil

Question 24

what is enhanced CI and a problem assosciated with it?

Answer 24

• Further cognitive techniques designed to probe a witnesses mental image
• Places greater demand on interviewer

Question 25

Why is CI more effective for older people?

Answer 25

It overcomes difficulties such as older generations becoming overly cautious due to negative stereotypes