Multi Store Model Of Memory Flashcards
Draw the multi store model of memory
(Retrieval)
(Attention) (Maintenance rehearsal) ———>
Sensory memory ———> Short term memory Long term memory
———>
(Elaborative rehearsal)
What are the 3 stores in the multi store of memory and who proposed it
Atkinson and shiffrin
Sensory memory
STM
Ltm
Define the sensory memory
Sensory memory refers to the very brief storage of sensory information after the original stimulus has been removed.
It holds information from the senses (e.g., sight, sound, touch) in its raw form for a very short duration.
What is the capacity of the sensory memory and what are the 2 stores
The capacity of sensory memory is considered to be very large. It can hold a vast amount of sensory information but only for a short time.
Iconic memory (visual) and echoic memory (auditory) are two examples of sensory stores.
What is the duration of the sensory memory
The duration of sensory memory is very brief, typically lasting milliseconds to a few seconds.
Information in sensory memory fades quickly unless it is attended to and transferred to short-term memory (STM).
What experiment is used for the sensory memory/ register and what was the aim, procedure and method
Sperling 1960
Aim: to investigate the capacity and duration of the sensory memory
Method: present pps with a grid of letters and numbers for 50 milliseconds
Procedure: pps were asked to write down all 12 items- whole report technique
What were the results for sperlings experiment on sensory memory/ register (procedure 1)
When asked to report the whole thing, recall was quite poor of only 4-5 items recalled (42% of target recall)
Pps reported that they were aware of more letters but were only able to recall a limited amount
Showing that info decays rapidly in the sensory store
What was procedure 2 of sperlings experiment on the sensory register/ memory
Partial report technique, where a specific tone would represent a row on the grid and only asked to recall that row
High tone: top row
Middle tone: middle row
Low tone: bottom row
What were the results of sperlings 2nd procedure on sensory memory/register
Recall was better 75% of target recall
Brief evaluation of sperlings: + and -
+ well controlled
+ fair conditions
+ 2 stage research
- lacked mundane realism
- lacked ecological validity
- only tested recall not recognition
What evidence can be used to show that the msm has separate stores
Glanzer and Cunitz (1966)
Aim: To investigate how word position affects recall from a list.
Method: Participants were shown a list of 20 words at a rate of 1 per 2 seconds. And they had to recall the words in any order.
- Primacy Effect:Words at the beginning were rehearsed and transferred to Long-Term Memory (LTM).
- Recency Effect:Words at the end were still held in Short-Term Memory (STM) and were recalled first.
- Middle Words:Poor recall of middle words occurred because they were not rehearsed enough and were displaced by earlier and later words.
What are the results of the glanzer and cunitz study msm
Results:
- Words at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of the list were most commonly recalled.
- Words in the middle were rarely recalled.
What is the conclusion of the glanzer and cunitz study
The study supports the multi-Store Model as it shows that STM and LTM are separate stores, with distinct characteristics.
Evaluate glanzer and cunitz
+ large sample size hinders of pps, more data, better conclusions and more accuracy
- lacks mundane realism as it’s unrealistic compared to everyday tasks
