Multi Store Model And Working Memory Model Flashcards
Multi store model
Where does external information from the environment enter?
Sensory register
Multi store model
What are the two different stores within the sensory register?
What are they for?
Iconic memory for visual information
Echoic memory for sound information
Multi store model
How long can information be stored in the sensory register before decaying?
1/2 a second
Multi store model
STM contains what type of information?
Information that is active at any one time
Multi store model
How is stored?
Capacity?
Duration?
Acoustic coding
7+-2 chunks of info
30 seconds
Multi store model
Due to the limited capacity, info can be pushed out at any time by new information. What is this called?
Displacement
Multi store model
STM has a duration of 30 seconds and can be lost if not …..?
Repeated/rehearsed
They are fragile
Multi store model
What happens to material that is rehearsed?
How is it then stored?
It gets passed into LTM.
It is stored semantically there
Multi store model
Loss of information is possible due to what?
Hint: it’s simple!!
Forgetting
Multi store model A03
Explain the free recall experiment that supports the MSM and the fact there are distinct st and lt stores within it.
What do the results fall into?
Ps given a list of 20 words to remember and asked to recall them in any order.
The results fall into a serial position curve
Multi store model A03
Free recall experiment and the results from the serial position curve give what 3 effects?
Explain the effects
PRIMACY EFFECT - ps recall first words as entered stm had time to be rehearsed and passed to LTM. Reflects LTM
ASYMPTOTE - middle portion remembered poorly. Increasing items fill STM and displaced before reaching LTM
RECENCY EFFECT - recall last items on list. Straight from STM as no displacement. Reflects STM
Multi store model A03
Supporting evidence of brain damaged patients?
Case studies of brain damaged patients identified patients can have one store impaired and the other normal, suggesting STM and LTM are different stores
KF - impaired stm (digit span of 2) normal ltm
HM - normal stm, impaired ltm
Multi store model A03
Criticism of multi store model from brain damaged patients?
Model argues they support model but they do not FULLY support the model.
KF - doesn’t explain how info passed to ltm without being effected by stm
HM - doesn’t explain how HM can learn new skills e.g. mirror drawing and cannot learn new facts. Suggests LTM not one store but different stores
Multi store model A03
Criticism of rehearsal?
Rehearsal stated to be the only way that information is passed from STM to LTM.
But we don’t transfer (and remember) everything we repeat or repeat everything we do transfer (and remember)
Other ways that info can be passed to LTM
Multi store model A03
States info only flows from stm memory to ltm memory but ?????
Info must flow in both directions.
E.g for chunking to work meaning must be accessed from ltm and passed to stm.
Info flow is interactive and not sequential
Working memory model
What did Baddley and Hitch say the multi store model underestimated?
What did they believe?
The importance of STM
Claimed stm wasn’t just a ‘waiting stage’ but was more complex and active
Working memory model
What does working memory hold?
All the information you are thinking about at one time. Sometimes known as our ‘consciousness’
Working memory model
Info in working memory is fragile and easily lost so what must be done to retain it?
Memory must be kept active
Working memory model
What is the WMM?
What happens if 2 tasks using same component used at same time?
A multi store component system.
It 2 tasks use same component they cannot be performed successfully together
Working memory model
Explain the central executive
Controls activity of working memory
It directs attention to particular tasks and allocates tasks to the three slave systems
Manages by direction attention to most important info at expense of less important info
Works independently of the senses
Limited capacity so cannot attend to too much at one time
Working memory model
What is the phonological loop?
What does it consist of? Describe these two parts
Phonological loop is an auditory system that rehearses sound based info to prevent decay
Consists of :
Phonological store : inner ear. Deals with perception of sound, holds the words you hear
Articulatory loop : inner voice. Verbal rehearsal system that prevents decay by repeating things over till they’re spoken out loud - forms a maintenance rehearsal. Duration of 2 seconds
Working memory model
Explain the Visuo spatial sketch pad
Inner eye
Visual and spacial version of articulatory loop
Deals with info by visually organising it - actual info maintained by working memory
Suggested can be divided into visual store and inner scribe that deals with spatial relations
Working memory model
Describe episodic buffer
Added 25 years later
It’s a general store for info
Combines info from other components and has limited capacity
Records episodes as happening so has sense of time
Working memory model
Strength of the WMM.
Hint : dual task performance
Supports distinction between phonological loop and visuo spatial sketch pad
Performance of 2 tasks at same time that use separate systems are nearly as efficient as performing task individually
Performance of 2 tasks at same time that use same system, performance less efficient that when performing tasks individually
Supports model as demonstrated components of WM are separate and have limited capacity.
The the the the the experiment describe briefly
Working memory model
Strength
Hint : brain damaged patients
Some patients have impaired verbal skills but normal spatial ones.
Supports idea that visuo spatia sketch pad and phonological loop are located in different brain areas so are separate components
Working memory model
Support
Hint - brain damaged patients (LH)
LH was good at spatial tasks that involved organising objects to their spatial relationships with each other.
No good at tasks that require visual imagery
Supports visual and spatial system in sketchpad
Working memory model
Strength
Hint - brain images
Different tasks use different parts of brain and WMM
E.g repeating a poem vs mentally picturing route from house to college
Working memory model
Weaknesses
Hint - central executive?
Most research focuses on slave components and not central executive.
Said to have limited capacity but what is this capacity?
Working memory model
Weaknesses
Hint - individual differences?
Research shows individual differences in working memory
For example in attention, capacity and duration.
This leads to differences in spelling and reading etc
But model doesn’t make it clear why these changes occur
