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Psychology > Multi Store Model And Working Memory Model > Flashcards

Multi Store Model And Working Memory Model Flashcards

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1
Q

Multi store model

Where does external information from the environment enter?

A

Sensory register

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2
Q

Multi store model

What are the two different stores within the sensory register?

What are they for?

A

Iconic memory for visual information

Echoic memory for sound information

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3
Q

Multi store model

How long can information be stored in the sensory register before decaying?

A

1/2 a second

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4
Q

Multi store model

STM contains what type of information?

A

Information that is active at any one time

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5
Q

Multi store model

How is stored?

Capacity?

Duration?

A

Acoustic coding

7+-2 chunks of info

30 seconds

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6
Q

Multi store model

Due to the limited capacity, info can be pushed out at any time by new information. What is this called?

A

Displacement

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7
Q

Multi store model

STM has a duration of 30 seconds and can be lost if not …..?

A

Repeated/rehearsed

They are fragile

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8
Q

Multi store model

What happens to material that is rehearsed?

How is it then stored?

A

It gets passed into LTM.

It is stored semantically there

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9
Q

Multi store model

Loss of information is possible due to what?

Hint: it’s simple!!

A

Forgetting

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10
Q

Multi store model A03

Explain the free recall experiment that supports the MSM and the fact there are distinct st and lt stores within it.

What do the results fall into?

A

Ps given a list of 20 words to remember and asked to recall them in any order.

The results fall into a serial position curve

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11
Q

Multi store model A03

Free recall experiment and the results from the serial position curve give what 3 effects?

Explain the effects

A

PRIMACY EFFECT - ps recall first words as entered stm had time to be rehearsed and passed to LTM. Reflects LTM

ASYMPTOTE - middle portion remembered poorly. Increasing items fill STM and displaced before reaching LTM

RECENCY EFFECT - recall last items on list. Straight from STM as no displacement. Reflects STM

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12
Q

Multi store model A03

Supporting evidence of brain damaged patients?

A

Case studies of brain damaged patients identified patients can have one store impaired and the other normal, suggesting STM and LTM are different stores

KF - impaired stm (digit span of 2) normal ltm

HM - normal stm, impaired ltm

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13
Q

Multi store model A03

Criticism of multi store model from brain damaged patients?

A

Model argues they support model but they do not FULLY support the model.

KF - doesn’t explain how info passed to ltm without being effected by stm

HM - doesn’t explain how HM can learn new skills e.g. mirror drawing and cannot learn new facts. Suggests LTM not one store but different stores

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14
Q

Multi store model A03

Criticism of rehearsal?

A

Rehearsal stated to be the only way that information is passed from STM to LTM.

But we don’t transfer (and remember) everything we repeat or repeat everything we do transfer (and remember)

Other ways that info can be passed to LTM

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15
Q

Multi store model A03

States info only flows from stm memory to ltm memory but ?????

A

Info must flow in both directions.

E.g for chunking to work meaning must be accessed from ltm and passed to stm.

Info flow is interactive and not sequential

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16
Q

Working memory model

What did Baddley and Hitch say the multi store model underestimated?

What did they believe?

A

The importance of STM

Claimed stm wasn’t just a ‘waiting stage’ but was more complex and active

17
Q

Working memory model

What does working memory hold?

A

All the information you are thinking about at one time. Sometimes known as our ‘consciousness’

18
Q

Working memory model

Info in working memory is fragile and easily lost so what must be done to retain it?

A

Memory must be kept active

19
Q

Working memory model

What is the WMM?

What happens if 2 tasks using same component used at same time?

A

A multi store component system.

It 2 tasks use same component they cannot be performed successfully together

20
Q

Working memory model

Explain the central executive

A

Controls activity of working memory

It directs attention to particular tasks and allocates tasks to the three slave systems

Manages by direction attention to most important info at expense of less important info

Works independently of the senses

Limited capacity so cannot attend to too much at one time

21
Q

Working memory model

What is the phonological loop?

What does it consist of? Describe these two parts

A

Phonological loop is an auditory system that rehearses sound based info to prevent decay

Consists of :
Phonological store : inner ear. Deals with perception of sound, holds the words you hear

Articulatory loop : inner voice. Verbal rehearsal system that prevents decay by repeating things over till they’re spoken out loud - forms a maintenance rehearsal. Duration of 2 seconds

22
Q

Working memory model

Explain the Visuo spatial sketch pad

A

Inner eye

Visual and spacial version of articulatory loop

Deals with info by visually organising it - actual info maintained by working memory

Suggested can be divided into visual store and inner scribe that deals with spatial relations

23
Q

Working memory model

Describe episodic buffer

A

Added 25 years later

It’s a general store for info

Combines info from other components and has limited capacity

Records episodes as happening so has sense of time

24
Q

Working memory model

Strength of the WMM.

Hint : dual task performance

A

Supports distinction between phonological loop and visuo spatial sketch pad

Performance of 2 tasks at same time that use separate systems are nearly as efficient as performing task individually

Performance of 2 tasks at same time that use same system, performance less efficient that when performing tasks individually

Supports model as demonstrated components of WM are separate and have limited capacity.

The the the the the experiment describe briefly

25
Q

Working memory model

Strength

Hint : brain damaged patients

A

Some patients have impaired verbal skills but normal spatial ones.

Supports idea that visuo spatia sketch pad and phonological loop are located in different brain areas so are separate components

26
Q

Working memory model

Support

Hint - brain damaged patients (LH)

A

LH was good at spatial tasks that involved organising objects to their spatial relationships with each other.

No good at tasks that require visual imagery

Supports visual and spatial system in sketchpad

27
Q

Working memory model

Strength

Hint - brain images

A

Different tasks use different parts of brain and WMM

E.g repeating a poem vs mentally picturing route from house to college

28
Q

Working memory model

Weaknesses

Hint - central executive?

A

Most research focuses on slave components and not central executive.

Said to have limited capacity but what is this capacity?

29
Q

Working memory model

Weaknesses

Hint - individual differences?

A

Research shows individual differences in working memory

For example in attention, capacity and duration.

This leads to differences in spelling and reading etc

But model doesn’t make it clear why these changes occur

Psychology (8 decks)

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