multi store model

Question 1

discuss the sensory register

Answer 1

capacity - very large
duration - 1/4 to 2 seconds
coding - modality specific

Question 2

discuss short term memory

Answer 2

capacity - 7+-2 items
duration - 18-30 seconds
coding - acoustic

Question 3

discuss long term memory

Answer 3

capacity- unlimited
duration- few mins to lifetime
coding- semantic

Question 4

what does Atkinson and Shiffrins multi store model suggest

Answer 4

stores are unitary
information flows in fixed linear order

Question 5

evaluation of MSM
strength - clinical studies

Answer 5

• korsakoff’s syndrome, little effect on STM but LTM severely impaired
• KF evidence, suffered with brain damage, no effect on LTM but poor performance on STM tasks
• suggesting STM and LTM are separate stores in memory

Question 6

evaluation of MSM
strength - experimental support

Answer 6

• Glazner and Cunitz study on primary and recency effects
• participants asked recall list of words
• more likely to remember first few (primary) and last few (recency)
• more likely to forget middle words
• explained that first few words transferred to LTM through rehearsal while end words still in STM
• supports idea that STM and LTM are separate stores in memory

Question 7

evaluation of MSM
limitation - LTM and STM are not unitary

Answer 7

• Tulving proposed that LTM is made up of separate components
• case of clive wearing
• extensive brain damage he lost episodic memory but still had procedural
• evidence suggests at least 2 separate systems of LTM
  criticising MSM as fat too simplistic

Question 8

evaluation of MSM
limitation- too much emphasis on rehearsal

Answer 8

• MSM suggests rehearsal only method of transferring STM to LTM
• model lacks face validity, clear do not always need to rehearse info to remember
• easier to recall if funny,distinctive, significant
• individual differences in human memory influence how info is transferred to LTM
  and is not accounted for in MSM

Question 9

name 3 research support for sensory register : capacity, duration, coding

Answer 9

capacity : sperling
flashed 3x4 grid 1/2 second
recall from one row
find: recall of indicated row=high
suggests all info there
capacity is very large
———————————————
duration : Treisman
presented identical auditory messages both ears
slight delay
find: noticed delay identical if 2 seconds or less
limited duration of 2 seconds
———————————————
coding: Crowder
only retains info presented visually for few milliseconds
if presented in auditory form= retained 2-3 seconds
coded in different formats

Question 10

name 3 research support for STM: capacity, duration, coding

Answer 10

capacity : Jacob’s
series letter/digits
repeat back immediately
list increased until made mistakes
find: average span was 5-9 items
———————————————
duration: Peterson and peterson
nonsense triagrams after 3-18 seconds
count backwards to avoid rehearsal
find: if rehearsal prevented recall negatively affected
max dur of 18-30 seconds
———————————————
coding: Baddeley
two word list
acoustic similar or dissimilar
given wrong order- had to rearrange
similar performed worse
STM is coded on acoustic basis

Question 11

name 2 research support for LTM: duration, coding

Answer 11

capacity: no research
———————————————
duration: Bahrick
photos of high school class mates
15 years later
80% remember names
70% faces
meaningful memories long lasting
———————————————
coding: Baddeley
list C and D
semantically similar or dissimilar
20 mins after had to recall
similar performed worse
LTM coded on semantic basis