multi store model

Question 1

who proposed the multi store model?

Answer 1

atkinson and shiffrin (1968)

Question 2

what are the 3 stores of the multi store model?

Answer 2

sensory register
short term memory
long term memory

Question 3

outline the multi store model of memory

Answer 3

a linear model consisting of unitary stores. depicts how memory flows from the first instance of seeing something to permanently remembering it

model suggests stimuli enters through the sensory register, and if we pay attention it will enter stm. if we then rehearse this it can enter our ltm

Question 4

what are the 3 methods of forgetting?

Answer 4

displacement
decay
interference

Question 5

what is meant by displacement?

Answer 5

other memories taking the original memories place due to a limited capacity

Question 6

what is meant by decay?

Answer 6

losing a memory because it is not used

Question 7

what is meant by interference?

Answer 7

other memories being recalled instead of desired memory

Question 8

what is the capacity of the sensory register?

Answer 8

large

Question 9

how long is the duration of the sensory register?

Answer 9

0.5-2 seconds

Question 10

how is information encoded in the sensory register?

Answer 10

iconic , school or haptic

Question 11

how does forgetting occur in the sensory register?

Answer 11

unknown

Question 12

what is the capacity of the short term memory?

Answer 12

7 +/ - 2
5-9 chunks

Question 13

what is the duration of short term memory?

Answer 13

up to 30 seconds without rehearsal
(peterson and peterson , 1959)

Question 14

how is information encoded in the short term memory?

Answer 14

mainly acoustic (baddeley, 1966)

Question 15

how does forgetting occur in the short term memory?

Answer 15

displacement

Question 16

what is the capacity of the long term memory?

Answer 16

limitless

Question 17

what is the duration of long term memory?

Answer 17

limitless but subject to decay
(bahrick, 1975)

Question 18

how is information encoded in long term memory?

Answer 18

mainly semantic (baddeley , 1966)

Question 19

how does forgetting occur in long term memory?

Answer 19

decay and interference

Question 20

who researched into the sensory register?

Answer 20

sperling (1960)

Question 21

what was sperling’s aim?

Answer 21

to find the existence of sensory memory

Question 22

what was sperling’s procedure?

Answer 22

using a chart, p’s asked to look at chart for 50 milliseconds and then asked to recall how many letters they could remember. then got p’s to recall single rows of letters when particular tones were heard

Question 23

what were sperling’s results?

Answer 23

First instance, participants could remember 4/5 letters although they were aware of more. second instance, p’s recalled 3 items on average

Question 24

what was sperling’s conclusion?

Answer 24

that the image of each item fades during the 50 milliseconds and the time it takes to report back recalled items

Question 25

who researched into the capacity of stm?

Answer 25

jacobs (1887) miller (1956)

Question 26

what was jacobs’ and miller’s aim?

Answer 26

to find out capacity of stm

Question 27

what was jacobs’ and miller’s procedure?

Answer 27

p’s given a series of words, digits etc and instructed to recall immediately and accurately in the correct order. as the test longer the list gets harder

Question 28

what were jacobs’ and miller’s results?

Answer 28

participants could remember lists up to the limit of 9’items with the average being 7 and the lower boundary being 5

Question 29

what was jacobs’ and miller’s conclusion?

Answer 29

short term memory must have a conclusion of 5-9 chunks

Question 30

who researched into encoding of stm?

Answer 30

baddeley (1966)

Question 31

what was baddeley’s (1966) aim? (STM/LTM)

Answer 31

to investigate encoding style of stm / ltm

Question 32

what was baddeley’s (1966) procedure (STM/LTM)

Answer 32

p’s shown a random sequence of 5 words from one of four categories
acoustically similar
acoustically dissimilar
semantically similar
semantically dissimilar
p’s asked to write lists down 20 seconds later

Question 33

what was baddeley’s (1966) results? (STM)

Answer 33

following recall percentages
AS - 10%
AD - 80%
SS - 64%
SD - 71%
p’s confused acoustically similar words compared to other words which suggested the must be represented acoustically

Question 34

what was baddeley’s (1966) conclusion (STM)

Answer 34

In the stm we convert visual information into an acoustic code and find it difficult to distinguish between info that sounds the same

Question 35

who researched into duration of stm?

Answer 35

peterson and peterson (1959)

Question 36

what was peterson and peterson’s aim?

Answer 36

to investigate duration of stm

Question 37

what was peterson and peterson’s procedure?

Answer 37

asked p’s to remember nonsense trigram
gave p’s a distractor task to prevent recall e.g counting back from 100
tested recall after 3,6,9,12,15 seconds for perfect recall

Question 38

what were peterson and peterson’s results?

Answer 38

after 3 seconds p’s could recall around 80% of trigrams correctly. after 18 seconds only 10% recalled correctly

Question 39

what was peterson and peterson’s conclusion?

Answer 39

when rehearsal is prevented, very little can stay in stm for longer than 18 seconds