Multi-store model

Question 1

What are the key features of the MSM?

Answer 1

• Sensory memory
• STM
• LTM

Question 2

Who created the MSM?

Answer 2

Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968

Question 3

How do we get information from the SM to the STM?

Answer 3

By paying attention

Question 4

How do we get information from the STM to the LTM?

Answer 4

Rehearsal

Question 5

How do we get information from the LTM to the STM?

Answer 5

Retrieval

Question 6

What is the capacity, coding and duration of the SM?

Answer 6

It has an unlimited capacity and a duration of around 250 milliseconds. It takes information from the senses

Question 7

What is iconic memory?

Answer 7

Visual information from the eyes

Question 8

What is echoic memory?

Answer 8

Auditory input from the ears

Question 9

What is haptic memory?

Answer 9

Tactile input from the body - touch

Question 10

Who created the idea of having three separate sensory stores?

Answer 10

Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968

Question 11

What did Sperling (1960) do to test the sensory memory vision?

Answer 11

Used a tachistoscope which flashes pictoral stimuli onto blank screen for a brief instance. He then asked subjects to remember letters from a grid of 12, they could only recall around 4 before the grid faded from the sensory register, although they reported seeing a lot more than they had time to report

Question 12

What did Sperling (1960) do to test the iconic store?

Answer 12

Using the partial report technique, he exposed the grid again, this time when the grid disappeared a high, medium or low tone followed corresponding to the row on the grid. There was an average recall of around 3 out 4 from any row. This shows the iconic store retains 76% of data received

Question 13

What did Sperling (1960) do to test the duration of the SM?

Answer 13

Delayed the sound of the tone and only 50% of information was available after a 0.3 second delay

Question 14

What did Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) do?

Answer 14

PP’s heard a list of words and were asked to recall them in any order using free recall.
- Condition 1 = immediate recall
- Condition 2 = recall after interference task

Question 15

What were the findings of Glanzer and Cunitz’s (1966) experiment?

Answer 15

• Both groups easily recalled the words at the beginning (primacy effect)
• Immediate recall remembered words at the end (recency effect)
• Both groups had difficulty with words in the middle of the list

Question 16

What was the conclusion of the Glanzer and Cunitz’s (1966) experiment?

Answer 16

• Both groups could recall words at the beginning of the list because they were stored in the LTM
• Words at the end were still in the STM so were immediately available
• In the interference task, rehearsal of words was prevented so the words weren’t held in the STM and instead passed into the LTM

Question 17

Does Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) experiment support the MSM?

Answer 17

Yes because it implies primacy words are stored different to recency words - two separate memory stores

Question 18

What is HM’s case study?

Answer 18

HM suffered from seizures and had his hippocampus suctioned out. It was successful and Henry’s seizure was reduced although it left him with severe memory impairment. Couldn’t learn new words, songs or faces and forgot who he was talking to as soon as he turned away, his age, whether his parents were alive etc.

Question 19

How does HM’s study support or challenge the MSM?

Answer 19

HM was unable to create new LTM’s so this supports the idea of separate memory stores and he was unable to transfer information from the STM to the LTM

Question 20

What is KF’s case study?

Answer 20

KF suffered brain damage from a motorcycle accident and his STM was damaged because he could only remember 2 items, experienced difficulty with verbal information but not visual

Question 21

How does KF’s study support or challenge the MSM?

Answer 21

States information has to be rehearsed before it is passed to the LTM, because his STM was impaired we would expect the LTM to be impaired. Problems with verbal but not visual suggests there may be more than one STM store.