Multi-store Model Flashcards
Def cognitive
Refers to our thoughts and mental processes including intelligence, problem solving and memory
Def memory
The process by which we retain information about events that have happened in the past
Def capacity
How much we can hold in our memory
Def duration
How long will that memory last for
Coding def
How information is stored in memory
Short term memory capacity
7 plus or minus 2
Shirt term memory duration
18-20 seconds
Short term memory coding
Coded acoustically
Long term memory capacity
Unlimited, can store large quantities of information
Short term memory duration
Unlimited duration
Long term memory coding
Semantically coded
Who proposed multi store model
Atkinson and shiffrin
What does the multi store model propose
Three distinct memory stores which are separate from each other
What are the three memory stores
Sensory register, short term memory store, long term memory store
3 features of sensory register
- first storage system
- all info from environment enters here meaning it has huge capacity
- information held for half a second
What type of information does sensory register encode
Iconic and echoic
What is iconic info
Visual
What is echoic info
Auditory
Decay of stm
Limited duration 18s
Displacement of stm
Limited capacity 7 +/- 2
Verbal rehearsal stm
Stores information acoustically
What is the last memory store
Long term memory store
How does information enter ltm
Through prolonged rehearsal
What is prolonged rehearsal
Rehearsal over a long period of time
4 evaluation points of MSM
Strength - supportive evidence
Weakness - model is over simplified
Strength - application to real world
Weakness - research info STM has low ecological validity
Elaboration of strength - supportive evidence
- Baddeleys research supports distinction of STM and LTM
- he tested LTM by giving ps 4 trials at learning the order of a list of words
- then he used a 20min delay to remove STM and asked ps to recall as many words as possible
- findings showed STM and LTM are independent
Elaboration weakness - model is over simplified
- evidence suggests there are multiple short term and long term memory stores
- eg LTM split into episodic, semantic, procedural
- it doesn’t make sense for procedural memory to be encoded semantically
Def episodic
Ability to remember events from our lives
Def semantic
Our know,edge of the world including factual information
Def procedural
Memory for how we do things, skills and actions
Elaboration of strength - application to real worlds
- was a pioneering model of memory that inspired further research and consequently other influential models
- eg the working memory model helped treatments
Elaboration of weakness - research into STM has low ecological validity
- stimuli ps were asked to remember has little resemblance to items learned in real life
- eg Peterson and Peterson used nonsense trigrams such as ‘XQF’ to investigate STM duration which isn’t something that would happen in real life
