multi-store memory model

Question 1

attkinson + shiffrin?

Answer 1

suggested that memory is made up of 3 stores
• sensory
• short term memory
• long term

Question 2

coding?

Answer 2

the form information is retained

Question 3

duration?

Answer 3

how long info can be retained

Question 4

capacity?

Answer 4

how much info can be retained

Question 5

what study did sperling do on sensory memory?

Answer 5

study 1: recalling all letters on a grid
study 2: recalling 1 line of letters on the grid

Question 6

sperling: what percentage of the grid did ppts recall in study 1?

Answer 6

42%

Question 7

sperling: what percentage of the line did ppts recall in study 2?

Answer 7

75% of the row (3/4)

Question 8

what did sperling find in his study of sensory memory?

Answer 8

capacity is large BUT info decays quickly
= duration is limited
(need to be focused on row before memory goes)

Question 9

jacobs? (STM - capacity)

Answer 9

investigated capacity by measuring digit span

Question 10

how did jacobs study STM capacity?

Answer 10

reading out a sentence of numbers (numbers increasing in length) + having ppts recall the sequence in the correct order

Question 11

what was the conclusion of jacobs study?

Answer 11

mean span of digits was 9.3 BUT 7.3 for letters

Question 12

miller? (STM - capacity)

Answer 12

concluded that STM has a capacity of 7+-2
suggested chunking info to remember more

Question 13

strength of jacobs and miller’s study?

Answer 13

research can help us understand how to improve memory
chunking is used in advertising
research has practical applications

Question 14

weakness of jacobs and miller’s study?

Answer 14

miller wasn’t precise about chunking
didn’t describe or investigate how large chunks should be (not entirely clear)
further research needed

Question 15

peterson + peterson? (STM duration)

Answer 15

recalling nonsense trigrams, after counting down from a three digit number for 3-18 seconds

Question 16

p+p: what percentage of triagrams were correctly recalled after 3 secs?

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

p+p: what percentage of triagrams were recalled correctly after counting down for 18 secs?

Answer 17

10%

Question 18

conclusion of peterson + peterson’s study?

Answer 18

STM has a limited duration of 18 seconds

Question 19

strength of peterson + peterson?

Answer 19

research was highly controlled
took place in laboratory (high control of extraneous variables)
easy to replicate + shows validity

Question 20

weakness of peterson + peterson?

Answer 20

problems with the sample
using psychology students where they could have encountered the MSM previously
may change behaviour (DC)
cannot assume results are from natural behaviour

Question 21

bharick? (LTM capacity and duration)

Answer 21

tested recall of ppt aged 17-74 using high school yearbooks

Question 22

how did bharick study LTM capacity and duration?

Answer 22

ppts were tested in 2 diff ways
1. photo recognition test using 50 photos
2. free recall test, ppts naming the people in their graduating class

Question 23

how accurate were the ppts that tested within 15 years of graduation at FREE RECALL?

Answer 23

60%

Question 24

how accurate were the ppts that tested within 15 years of graduation at PHOTO RECOGNITION?

Answer 24

90%

Question 25

how accurate were the ppts that tested within 48 years of graduation at free recall

Answer 25

30%

Question 26

how accurate were the ppts that tested within 48 years of graduation at PHOTO RECOGNITION?

Answer 26

70%

Question 27

what was the conclusion to bharick’s study of LTM capacity and duration?

Answer 27

duration and capacity is potentially unlimited

Question 28

strength of bharick’s study

Answer 28

research used real life memories
used their own high school yearbooks
high ecological validity (can apply to everyday life)

Question 29

weakness of bahrick’s study?

Answer 29

problems with confounding variables
study was a natural experiment
the IV occurred naturally and bharick looked to see how this would affect the DV
confounding variables: if ppts stayed in touch affects memory
lacks validity

Question 30

baddeley? coding STM + LTM

Answer 30

gave different lists of words to 4 groups of participants

Question 31

how did baddeley study coding of STM + LTM

Answer 31

different types of lists
acoustically similar + dissimilar
semantically similar + dissimilar
STM: asked to recall immediately
LTM: asked to recall after 20 mins

Question 32

baddeley: findings of STM condition

Answer 32

ppts did worse on the acoustically similar list
sounds need to be distinctive

Question 33

baddeley: findings of LTM condition

Answer 33

ppts did worse on the semantically similar list
meaning needs to be distinctive

Question 34

strength of baddeley’s study of LTM + STM coding

Answer 34

controlled lab experiment
ppts have no outside distractions
eliminating extraneous variables
internal validity

Question 35

weakness of baddeley’s study on LTM + STM coding

Answer 35

artificial stimuli
lists have no personal meaning to ppts
low external validity
limited real life application

Question 36

strengths of MSM: research support

Answer 36

baddeley found a difference in coding in STM + LTM
STM - acoustically
LTM - semantically
different memory stores

Question 37

strengths of MSM: case study

Answer 37

HM suffered with epilepsy = removal of part of brain
caused memory loss
HM was able to form STM but not new LTM
different stores for LTM + STM

Question 38

weakness of MSM: case study

Answer 38

KF was still able to process visual STM info
verbal STM memory was affected
must be another store for visual + auditory info

Question 39

weakness of MSM: simple explanations

Answer 39

MSM’s explanation of rehearsal is not as simple
maintenance rehearsal + elaborative rehersal matters instead of any type of rehearsal
MSM cannot explain these rehearsal methods