forgetting Flashcards
what did baddeley suggest about interference?
interference happens when one memory blocks another
what did baddeley suggest about interference?
interference happens when one memory blocks another
what is proactive interference?
disruption of prior learning on the recall of new info
old interferes with new
what is retroactive interference?
disruption of new learning in the recall of old info
new interferes with old
who studied interference
mcgeoch and mcdonald
how did mcgeoch and mcdonald study interference
ppts were asked to learn a list of words until recall was perfect
then asked to learn a new list
similarity to first list varied
ppts recalled original list
what were the finding of mcgeoch and mcdonald’s study
group 1 worst recall (synonyms)
group 5 best recall (3 digit no)
what was the conclusion of mcgeoch and mcdonald’s study of interference
more similar the list = worse recall
interference is worse when memories are similar
what is meant by retrieval failure
info is in our LTM but we are unable to access it due to a lack of the correct cues
what is a cue
a trigger of info that allows us to access memory
who suggested the encoding specificity principle
tulving
what is the encoding specificity principle
for a cue to be useful, it needs to be present at the time of learning and present at recall
what is context dependent forgetting
environmental cues affect the memory if they are different to the environment you learn it in
what is state dependent forgetting
physiological state affects memory if you’re not in the same state you learned it in
who conducted the study of retrieval failure and context dependent forgetting
godden and baddeley
how did godden and baddeley study retrieval failure and context dependent forgetting
sample of 18 ppts, 4 conditions
learn list of words
learn on land - recall on land etc
ppts asked to write words in order
what were the findings of godden and baddeley’s of retrieval failure and CDF
learning + recall on land had higher mean score (13.5) than
learning underwater and recall on land (8.4)
what was the conclusion of godden and baddeley’s study of retrieval failure and CDF
environmental cues/context affect recall
who conducted the study of state dependent forgetting
carter and cassaday
how did carter and cassaday study state dependent forgetting
used antihistamines, 4 conditions
learn with AH, recall without AH etc
tested on memory
what were the finding of carter and cassius study of state dependent forgetting
in the conditions where learning and recall state were the same - memory was improved
what was the conclusion of carter and cassaday study of state dependent forgetting
when psychological state differed recall was poorer
the same psychological cues should be present at retrieval
