Multi-organ dysfunction Flashcards
What is delirium?
An abrupt change in the brain that causes mental confusion and emotional disruption
What percentage of ventilated patients will develop delirium?
Up to 80%
What are some common causes of delirium?
- Old age
- Co-morbidities
- Visual impairments
- Depression
- Alcohol abuse
- Malnutrition
- Dehydration
- Long term opioid use
- High severity illness
- UTI
- Pneumonia
What percentage of patients with delirium typically go undiagnosed?
75% - typically due to intubation and not being able to identify obvious behaviours
What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
A life=threatening lung injury that allows fluid to leak into the lungs and reduce gas exchange
What are some risk factors for development of ARDS?
- Older age
- Severe illness
- History of resp disease
- Diagnosis of sepsis
- Chronic alcohol consumption
- Cigarette smoke exposure
- Emergency or intra-operative fluid resuscitation
What resp problems arise in ARDS?
- Increased WOB (increased lung compliance)
- Reduced gas exchange (fluid accumulation)
- V/Q mismatch (less working alveoli)
What is sepsis?
A life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s response to fighting infection damages its own tissues
Can cause organs to function abnormally
What is Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome?
An exaggerated defence response of the body to a noxious stressor such as infection, trauma, surgery, acute inflammation, ischemia or malignancy
What is the difference between sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome?
Sepsis is specifically linked to infection whereas SIRS is a multitude of stressors
What is sepsis shock?
A progression from sepsis where the body’s BP drops to critical levels due to vasodilation despite fluid resuscitation
What is Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)?
Altered organ function in an acutely ill patient such that homeostasis can’t be maintained without intervention
What is Critical Illness Polyneuropathy?
Widespread weakness and/or sensory loss following critical illness caused by dysfunction of the nervous system
What is Critical Illness Myopathy?
Widespread weakness following critical illness caused by dysfunction of the nervous system
