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History IB HL > Mughals > Flashcards

Mughals Flashcards

1
Q

Babur reign

A

1526-30

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2
Q

First battle of Panipat

A

1526
Between Ibrahim Lodi and
babur
20,000 soldiers versus hundred thousand soldiers
babur won

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3
Q

kanwah

A

1527
Rana Sanga to drive him out of India

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4
Q

chanderi

A

1528
Medini rao
didnt even use whole army strength

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5
Q

ghagra

A

1529
afghans in Bengal and Bihar
Mohammed Lodi + afghans

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6
Q

Humayun

A

1530 - 1540
1555 - 1556

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7
Q

War against Afghans

A

1533
Mohammed Lodi
humayun lost

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8
Q

chunar

A

1532
sher shah suri
negotiation - showed humayun as weak

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9
Q

gujarat

A

1535
h won
bahadur shah
gujarat - important port

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10
Q

sher shah suri attack on empire

A

1537
advantage when humayun went to gujarat
strenghtened his position
started setting up admin

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11
Q

chausa h

A

1539
sher shah surprised at chausa
h barely escaped drowining - lost

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12
Q

kanauj

A

1540
sher shah
defeated
escaped to lahore - start of exile

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13
Q

1555

A

war of succession was weakened
came back after the death of sher shah and his son - islam

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14
Q

mehedi khwaja

A

baburs brother in law
wanted h off the throne - on brother in laws side

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15
Q

difficulties of humayun

A

no consolidation of power
hostile opposition
political instability
family issues - war of succession
no well organised government
hostility of jagirdars - mirzas were powerful

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16
Q

akbar

A

1556-1606
1. 1556-62
2. 63-85
3. 85 - 1605

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17
Q

maham ananga

A

wet nurse
like his mother
manipulative - wanted adham khan in power

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18
Q

bairam khan

A

father figure
minister
helped akbar alot but eventually gained too much power - bigger house, more money etc - akbar was just the face
removed from power and got killed by afghans

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19
Q

adham khan death

A

1562

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20
Q

shams ud din

A

much more competent and better skilled - replaced adhams position
killed by adham
so akbar killed adham

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21
Q

independant power of akbar

A

1560

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22
Q

conquest of Malva

A

1561
ruled by bez bhahdur - given job in court - showed his graditude and personality and won over many
adham khans betray happens here

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23
Q

second battle of Panipat

A

1556
Hemu and adil shah
Actually fought by Bairam Khan in the name of Akbar
Characterized by valor and strength

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24
Q

marriage with Rajput, Princess of Ambar

A

1562
Start of the Rajput alliance
jodha
tightened bond
reduced opposition
financial rewards

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25
Q

abolishment of taxes

A

1563
jizya and pilgrim - religious tolerance

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26
Q

ajmer

A

1568
wanted a son
salim chisti to get blessing and advice
moved to sikri

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27
Q

bengal and bihar campgain

A

1574
daud khan got khutba read
sent todar mal
fought in monsoon

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28
Q

raj mahal

A

1576
afghans and mughals - daud khan
prisioned and executed
still didnt control bengal

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29
Q

fatehpur sikri

A

1569
saw it as a blessed place
abandoned it due to water shortage
tolerant views and interest in literature

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30
Q

battle of sarnal

A

1572
only had 200 horses
enemy had 1000
attacked enemy
most glorious victories
terrain caused enemy to not be able to attack

31
Q

gujarat campaign 2

A

1573
nobels of gujarat joined together to drive mughals out
muhammid husain mirza
akbar took instant action - reached in 11 days when it takes 2 months
- showed resolve - rise in reputation

fastest and most impressive military campaigns in indian history

32
Q

birbal

A

1586
killed by ambush
one of akbars 7 jewelles

33
Q

annexation of kashmir

A

1586
always unsuccessful in capturing kashmir
launched attack
lost many soldiers
dsheartening
ultimately successful in annexing it

34
Q

conquest of odisha

A

1592
after daud khan came under akbars empire
tried for 30 years to expel afghan
unable to expel all mirzas and establish governance until akbars passing

35
Q

mansabdari system

A

1573
based on rank
money for treasury
large standing army
centralised power
zat - personal rank, sawar - rank of troops
jagirs - land owners

36
Q

how did akbar maintain power

A
  • defining of power and their jobs within the government
  • mansabdari jagirdari
  • didnt give anyone more power than he held
37
Q

religious tolerance

A

abolish taxes
sati
avant garde way of thinking
hindu muslim unity
married rajputs - rajput policy

38
Q

ibadat khana

A

1575
fatehpur sikri where discussions on religons and religous beliefs would be held

39
Q

rebellion of salim

A

1600
jahangir went to allahbad
had coins minted in his name
killed abul fazl
indulged in opium and alchohol
eventually got the crown

40
Q

who was khurram

A

shah jahan

41
Q

revolut by khurram

42
Q

jahangir

43
Q

war with mewar

A

1605-9
lost - mutual jealousies between officers

44
Q

khusrauhs rebellion

A

1606
to secure throne
blinded - guru arjun dev and raja of mewar killed for helping him

45
Q

deccan campaigns jahangir

A

1608-21
ahmadnagar
malik amber
partial success in 17
peace treaty signsed

46
Q

nur jahan

47
Q

shah jahan

48
Q

rebellion of the bundela rajputs

A

1628
orccha
bir singh dev died 17 - leaving jujhar singh
aurangzeb ended the threat and eventually killed him

49
Q

rebellion of khan jahan lodi

A

1629
deccan
very serious
mistrusted by shah jahan
2000 men to deccan
annex deccan
able to capture ahmednagar
toll on mughal - peace wanted
failed and end deccan campaign
demonstrated strain and challanges

50
Q

deccan campaign shah jahan

A

mahabat khan
resistance
losses - emperor intervened
signed treaty after 4 months
resilience, fortitude, costly
2 decades peace in region - focus on the north

51
Q

qandhar campaigns overall

A

1648-53
uzbek threat - control over qandhar needed
ali mardhan khan - bribed my mughals to help them

52
Q

qandhar campaigns 1

A

shah abas 2 launched seige
aurangzeb withdrew - lack of artillery

53
Q

qandhar campaigns 3

A

dara shukoh tried
70k men
lost

54
Q

qandhar campaigns 2

A

aurangzeb went back with 50k men
heavy guns, mortar, artillery
malfunctioned
called back in disgrace

55
Q

peacock throne

A

1628
86 lakhs

56
Q

taj mahal

A

1632-53
50 lakhs

57
Q

red fort

A

1638-48
70 lakhs

58
Q

total expenses of shah jahan in 28 years

59
Q

cost of qandhar campaign

A

120 million rs
half the annual revenue of the empire

60
Q

historian for financial crisis

A

irfan habib

61
Q

debate behind shah jahans spending

A

to show greatness and his love
display wealth and grandeur
reassert authority after failing central asia expansion

62
Q

aurangzeb

63
Q

jhujhar singh

A

1635
loyalty towards shah jahan not A
put down raja of orcha in the deccan
mughal army defeated

64
Q

deccan campaign aurangzeb

A

viceroy - order to the area
treaty with bijapur
promoted to zat 12k and 7k
and eventually 1639 - 15k and 9k
dismissed in 44 - hostility with dara

65
Q

transoxiana

A

1645
gujarat
murad bakshi failed - 50000 army and wanted to return to india because of the cold weather
- came back against orders - dimissed
A took over - pray during war

cost treasury a fortune - achieved nothing

66
Q

jats

A

1666
Peasant
Conflict over land revenue
golka - leader- Captured and executed
20,000 but imperial army beat them

67
Q

santamis

A

1672
Blacksmith, artisans
Disputes lead to rebellion
Second rebellion- better organised, but forced to submit

68
Q

reimposition of Jizya

69
Q

shivaji

A

leader of maraths - significant opposition

70
Q

war of succession - dara and a

71
Q

daras mistake

A

1658
best troops to agra
no one to fight against a

72
Q

jaswant singh

A

wanted allies
rana of udaipur also won over by A daras failure to win over important rajputs

73
Q

battle at samugarth

A

1658
dara + A
good generalship
equally matched troops
50-60k each
A won - better leader
Dara - hastly put together army

74
Q

reasons for mughals decline

A

mansabdari jagirdari crisis
aurangzebs rule and personality
territorial expansions - failures and expenses
rise of territorial power - rajputs, marathas, smaller leaders
religious tolerance
polcies

History IB HL (4 decks)

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