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Oral Histology > Mucous Membranes > Flashcards

Mucous Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

The mouth is lined by a moist ___ membrane.

A

mucous

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2
Q

The mucous membrane is an organ composed of what 2 tissues?

A

epithelium and connective tissue

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3
Q

Which tissue does not contain blood vessels or salivary glands?

A

epithelium

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4
Q

Connective tissues consist of a ___ ___ and sometimes a submucosa. Both layers contain ___ ___ but minor ___ glands are mostly found in the submucosa.

A

lamina propria; blood vessels; salivary

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5
Q

___ from both major and minor salivary glands travel thru connective tissue to communicate with the mucosal surface.

A

Ducts

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6
Q

What other tissue is found embedded in the oral mucosa?

A

lymphoid tissue

-lingual and palatine tonsils

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7
Q

Which layer of the mucous membrane is the better barrier for protections, epithelium or basal lamina?

A

epithelium

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8
Q

What two cells are involved in the anti-microbial protection of the mucous membrane?

A

immune cells and epithelial cells

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9
Q

In addition to the tonsils, which cell type is found mainly in the lamina propria?

A

immune cells

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10
Q

Epithelial cells synthesize and secrete several antimicrobial molecules. Name one important example.

A

beta-defensins

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11
Q

When the mucous membrane is invaded by pathogenic bacteria, different varieties of ___-___ are secreted in different layers of the epithelium.

A

beta-defensins

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12
Q

Beta-defensins are ___-rich and cationic. They bind to ___ charges on bacterial membranes and cause them to ___.

A

cysteine; negative; permeabilize

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13
Q

Another function of the mucous membrane is ingestion due to what properties?

A

its flexibility and moist surface

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14
Q

T/F. The oral mucosa is not highly innervated.

A

False, the oral mucosa IS highly innervated and this augments protective and ingestive functions

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15
Q

Which tissue is capable of more types of sensations, dentin/pulp, PDL or oral mucosa?

A

oral mucosa

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16
Q

What fibers are associated with pain in the dentin and pulp?

A

C, A-delta, A-beta

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17
Q

What are the two sensations found in the PDL?

A

C and A-delta = pain

A-beta = proprioceptive

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18
Q

Match the fibers of the oral mucosa with their sensations.

A. A-beta
B. A-delta
C. C

  1. touch
  2. pain
  3. thermal
  4. taste
A

A - 1
B - 2, 3, 4
C - 2, 3

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19
Q

What type of epithelium is found in all types of oral epithelium?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

The epithelium has an ability to self-___. The deep layers are involved in ___ ___. The superficial layers migrate and once matured they are ___ off.

A

renewal; cell division; sloughed

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21
Q

T/F. Relatively fast turnover can speed healing, but also can make tissues more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division (chemotherapy & radiotherapy).

A

True.

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22
Q

Most of the volume of the epithelium is occupied by ___. Which cell is the most numerous?

A

cells; keratinocytes

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23
Q

Give some examples of non-keratinocytes found in the epithelium.

A

Merkel cells - sensory - basal layer
Melanocytes - pigment cells - basal layer
Langerhan (dendritic) cells - immune - supra-basal layers

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24
Q

Which non-keratinocytes are better known as clear cells?

A

Melanocytes and Langerhan (dendritic) cells

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25
Q

How can you distinguish langerhan cells from melanocytes if they both appear clear upon H&E staining?

A

location

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26
Q

What do clear cells lack when stained?

A

cytokeratin

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27
Q

Special staining reveals that melanoctes have a cell body with processes located in which layer?

A

basal layer

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28
Q

Langerhan cells are similar in structure to melanocytes but where are they found?

A

suprabasal layer

29
Q

T/F. Keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium have the same clinical appearance.

A

False, they have distinctive clinical appearances.

30
Q

Microscopic characteristics of both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium contain a ___ layer and ___ cell layer.

A

basal; prickle (stratum spinosum)

31
Q

T/F. The superificial layers between keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium is distinct.

A

True.

32
Q

Keratinized epithelium contains no ___ , is ___ and has a tough appearance. Whereas, the ___ layer is otherwise flexible and contains organelles.

A

organelles; dehydrated; superficial

33
Q

All epithelial cells = ___ and contain ___.

A

keatinocytes; cytokeratins

34
Q

Cytokeratins assemble into ___ ___ to provide cytoskeletal support. What are the two types?

A

intermediate filaments; type I (acidic) and type II (basic)

35
Q

Mutations in cytokeratins cause what disease?

A

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex)

It is rare, and has characteristic blistering in response to minor trauma. It is most severe in the epidermis but also has oral consequences.

36
Q

Different epithelial ___ and ___ contain characteristic cytokeratins.

A

layers; tissues

37
Q

T/F. Cytokeratin expression remains the same in normal and disease states. But, mutations in cytokeratin genes can produce regionally-specific diseases.

A

False, cytokeratin expression CAN change with disease state

True, mutations in cytokeratin genes produce regionally specific diseases.

38
Q

Different ___ types are important for ___ properties of keratinized vs non-keratinized epithelia. In both, the ___ of cytokeratin ___ in superficial layers.

A

cytokeratins; mechanical; amount; increases

39
Q

How do keratinized cytokeratins promote aggregation?

A

thru the formation on tonofibrils found in the prickle layer

40
Q

How do keratinized cytokeratins promote binding to another molecule?

A

with fillagrin, a main component of keratohyalin granules - found in the granular layer.

41
Q

Describe the superficial layer of keratinized epithelium.

A

very flat cells
dehydrated
no organelles
packed with cytokeratin (tonofibril) / filligrin complexes

42
Q

T/F. In non-keratinized epithelium, cytokeratin does not promote aggregation and cannot complex with fillagrin but the superficial layers are flat, dehydrated and retain nuclei and cytokeratin tonofilaments.

A

False, In non-keratinized epithelium, cytokeratin does not promote aggregation and cannot complex with fillagrin but the superficial layers are NOT flat OR dehydrated and retain nuclei and cytokeratin tonofilaments.

43
Q

T/F. Non-keratinized epithelium is tougher but less flexible than keratinized epithelium.

A

False, KERATINIZED epithelium is tougher but less flexible than NON-keratinized epithelium.

44
Q

What are membrane bound organelles filled with?

A

glycolipids

45
Q

Membrane coating ___ first appear in the upper ___ cell layers and are released in more ___ layers to coat cells. This occurs in both epithelium and serves as an ___ barrier to aqueous substances.

A

granules; prickle; superficial; INTERcellular

46
Q

Differences in chemical composition creates ___ (> /

A

>

47
Q

A ___ envelope is a 15nm cross-linked protein sheath comprised of ___ and other proteins.

A

cornified; loricrin

48
Q

Most of the volume of the lamina propria is occupied by ___ that contains type ___ and type ___ collagen and ___.

A

ECM; type I; type III; elastin

49
Q

T/F. The relative amount of type I : type III collagen is greater for less flexible regions of the oral cavity.

A

True.

50
Q

___ is more prominent in the oral mucosa than in pulp or PDL.

A

elastin

51
Q

Connective tissue ___ are scalloped with ___ ___ between the convoluted ____ layer of the epithelium and ___ layer of the lamina propria.

A

papillae; rete pegs; papillary; reticular

52
Q

What separates the lamina propria from bone and muscle?

A

submucosa

53
Q

List some structures that do not have any submucosa.

A

lp-muscle, tongue, lp-bone (mucoperiosteum), gingiva, hard palate next to gingiva, rugae region, median raphe

54
Q

The lining mucosa has ___ epithelium and is found where?

A

non-keratinized; buccal and labial mucosa and floor of mouth

55
Q

What are the clinical implications of the lining mucosa?

A

incisions more likely to gap and need to be sutured. injections are less painful

56
Q

Which structures are thin and have keratinized epi, exterior skin, vermillion zone, or labial mucosa?

A

exterior skin and vermillion zone

57
Q

What type of glands are found in the following: exterior skin, vermillion zone, and labial mucosa?

A

exterior skin - sweat glands
vermillion zone - no sweat or mucous glands
labial mucosa - mucous glands

58
Q

Which mucosa has fewer collagen fibers and more elastic fibers, the masticatory or lining mucosa?

A

lining,mucosa has more collage fibers and fewer elastic fibers

59
Q

What are the clinical implications of the masticatory mucosa?

A

incisions don’t gape, may not require suturing, injections are more painful

60
Q

The sulcular and junctional epithelium are part of the ___.

A

periodontium

61
Q

The sulcular epithelium is part of the ___ gingiva which faces the tooth and generally has ____ epithelium.

A

free; non-keratinized

62
Q

T/F. The junctional epithelium is highly permeable leading it susceptible to inflammation.

A

True.

63
Q

Which junctional epitelium has type IV and VII epithelium, external (JE/lamina propria) or internal (JE/tooth)?

A

internal

64
Q

Collagen components of the ___ ___ provide direct connection to collage of lamina propria.

A

basal lamina

65
Q

Consistent with it’s origin from ___ ___ ___, JE expressed a protein initially associated with ameloblasts.

A

reduced enamel epithelium

66
Q

T/F. The “col” is also characterized by JE.

A

True.

67
Q

T/F. Despite its specialized nature, JE can regenerate relatively rapidly and around dental implants.

A

True.

68
Q

How does the vascular supply get to the gingiva?

A

superior alveolar / palatine AND inferior alveolar/buccal/mental/sublingual feed into the PDL, interdental septa and oral mucosa then to the gingiva

Oral Histology (13 decks)

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