MTTC: Social Studies Prep Flashcards
1
Q
abolitionism
A
ending of slavery
2
Q
Abe Lincoln
A
first Republican pres. abolitionist. elected in 1860. his election triggered southern secession he led the country through the civil war, but he was assassinated in 1865 before Reconstruction truly began
3
Q
absolute location
A
a location w/ specific coordinates
4
Q
Algonquin
A
northeastern native american civilization in the great lakes region
5
Q
ancient egyptians
A
emerged as early as 5000bce in Nile Valley. known for pyramids, art, papyrus paper, hieroglyphs (pictorial writing), united under one monarch/pharaoh
6
Q
arms race
A
competitive weapons development btwn US and USSR during 1980s. US intended to outspend the USSR, thereby weakening it
7
Q
Articles of Confederation
A
original framework of US gov, designed to creat loose confederation btwn colonies whil allowing retainment of individual sovereignty, created intentionally weak, democratic gov
8
Q
assembly line
A
labor intensive method of production dev by Henry Ford, expedited product’s completion
9
Q
Assyria
A
sumerian based civilization in near east, est military dominance and played imp role in regional trade
10
Q
Athens
A
ancient Grek city-state that became revolutionary dem controlled by poor and working classes 460bce, first known democracy
11
Q
augustus caesar
A
julius caesar’s nephew Octavian who gained control of Rome in 27 bce and became first roman emperor
12
Q
axis
A
the alliance of germany, italy, Japan WWII
13
Q
Babylonia
A
sumerian based civ in mesopotamia, dev courts, early codified rule of law…Code of Hammurabi “an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”
14
Q
Barack Obama
A
first african american pres, elected 2008, ended wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, halted Great Recession, dev programs to provide healthcare to uninsured americans
15
Q
battle of bunker hill
A
took place on June 17, 1775, causeed king george III to declare colonies were in rebellion
16
Q
battle of fort sumter
A
Sparked the civil war. 1861 attack on union troops in sumter, sc, by confederate forces shortly after sc seceded from union.
17
Q
battle of lexington and concord
A
beg of violent conflict btwn american rebel militiamen and british in 1775
18
Q
battle of yorktown
A
1781 defeat of british forces by continental army w support from france, ending revolutionary war
19
Q
bill of rights
A
first ten amendments to us constitution, set of guarantees of certain rights enjoyed by americans
20
Q
boston masacre
A
1770 event in which british troops fired on crown of american protestors
21
Q
boston tea party
A
1773 protest of tea act in which american colonial protestors disguised as natives tossed tea off a ship in boston harbor
22
Q
cardinal directions
A
n, s, e, w
23
Q
cesar chavez
A
civil rights activist, led united farm workers, advocated for hispanic farm workers who faced radical discrimination, poor treatment and low pay
24
Q
checks and balances
A
each branch of gov has certain powers that limit power of other branches
25
cherokee
se native civ thought to be descended from iroquois, emerged in present day georgia, forced during trail of tears to leave their land and migrate to indian territory, oklahoma
26
civil rights movement
social and political movement for the rights of african americans and other disenfranchised people in the 1960s
27
cold war
period of ongoing tension btwn us and ussr, post wwii global powers, remaind cold bc the two countris never engaged in military confrontation
28
committees of correspondence
colonial rebel protest group that distributed anti-brit propaganda
29
concentration camps
forced labor and death camps where nazis imprisoned and killed jews, roma, slavic, gays, disabled, people of color, pows, communists, and others as part of the Holocaust
30
congress
the branch of the fed gov that makes laws (legeslative branch), technically has most power in government
31
constitution
document that provides framework for the us gov
32
constitutional convention
1787 meeting of states to resolve probs arising from limitations of federal power. decision was made to completely throw out the old articles and write a new governing doc from scratch- the constitution
33
creek, chicksaw, choctaw
major muskogean speaking se native american civ, descendants of mississippi mound builders
34
cuneiform
sumerian development, earliest known example of writng using characters to form words (not pictographs)
35
conflict
process of disagreement, usually resolved when one of the parties receives either the entirety or satisfactory amount of desired goal
36
cooperation
process of working togeter to achieve sim goals
37
d-day
june 6, 1944, us led invasion of normandy invading europe during wwii
38
declaration of independence
issued july 4 1776, doc written by thomas jefferson, and signed by leaders of second continental congress, asserted us independence from britian
39
demand
how much desire there is for a product or service
40
demokratia
ancient greek work meaning people power
41
desert
climate located in low lats n and s of savannah, hottest and driest parts of earth, recieves lass than 10 in of rainfall a year
42
economic regulation
indirect or direct price control by gov
43
elizabeth cady stanton
women's rights activist, founded national woman suffrage assoc, led 1848 seneca falls convention on women's rights
44
emancipation proclamation
1863 declaration by president lincoln that slavery was abolished in the rebel states
45
euro
common currency shared by some european countries
46
european union
forum for european countries to org and cooperate politically, militarily, and economically, formed after the cold war to promote european unity
47
exchange
process of giving one thing and receiving another
48
first continental congress
meeting of colonial leaders in phil in 1774, org in response to the intolerable acts, colonial leaders later represented concerns to the king and were rebuffed
49
four freedoms
in the context of the rise of fascism, fdr defined: freedom of speech, religion, from want, from fear
50
FDR
elected to pres 1932, dev new deal, resucing us form great depression, led through wwii
51
genocide
killing people based on ethnicity
52
geographic features
phys features of place like continents, bodies of water, plains, plateaus, mountains, valleys
53
george washington
colonial military leader, gen of continental army, first us president, his able military leadership helped colonies eventually secure independence, political leadership helped keep young country united
54
glasnost
soviet reform meaning openness
55
government regulation
gov involvement in economy to effect an economic or social outcome
56
great depression
global economic collapse tht resulted in widespread poverty and unemployment in us and world
57
high latitudes
lats 66.5 n and s of poles
58
holocaust
dispossession, imprisonment, and murder of at least six million jews, etc.
59
house of representatives
lower house of congress, body of lawmakers in congress w proportional rep reflecting the population of each state
60
human geography
study of impact of people on physical world
61
humid continental climate
located in med lats, agriculturally productive, true four-season climate
62
humid subtopical climate
loc in mid lats, warm, moist climate on coastal areas n and south of tropics that recieve warm ocean currents and warm winds year round
63
indian removal act
1830 law forced cherokee, creek, chickasaw, choctaw, and others form their lands in se to indian territory in oklahoma
64
industrialization
process of manufacturing, economy transforming from dependence on ag to industrial prod, replacement of hand labor to machines, exponentially increase production
65
institutions
extensions of core social values created in response to varying individual and group need, include gov, private enterprise, religious institutions, academic institutions, local communities, and family unit
66
intermediate directions
directions btwn cardinal directions
67
intolerable acts
1774 acts enforce by britain in response to tensions and violense in colonies, including closing boston harbor and bringing mass back under royal control
68
iron curtain
a metaphor for the concept of post wwii europe div btwn east (with communist gov generally aligned w ussr) and west (with democratic capitalist gov generally aligned with us)
69
iroquois
nw native american cil in ny and southern ontaio/quebec, confederation of six tribes
70
John adams
colonial leader, mem of continental congress, federalist, second us presidnet, brother to radical samuel adams, adams supported strong fed gov and expanded executive power
71
julius caesar
roman military leader, forced corrupt senate to give him control and began transitioning rome from a republic to what would become an empire, assassinated in 44bce
72
league of nations
largely toothless international org est after wwi and designed to prevent future outbrearks of international war, basis for later united nations
73
low latitudes
region from equator to lats 23.5 n and s
74
louisiana purchase
1803 purchase of french-controlled territory in na by us, authorized, controversially, by pres jefferson, nearly doubled size of country
75
manifest destiny
concept that it was the mission and fate of the us to expand westward and settle the continent
76
marine climate
warm and rainy climate located in middle lats in areas near or surrounded by waterss
77
martin luther king jr.
civil rights leader who fought for equal rights for african americans, embraced peaceful protest as means to achieve legislative and social change to end segregation btwn black and white americans
78
mass production
large scale prod of consumer products, enalbe by the assembly line and factories
79
malcolm x
civil rights leader who championed better living standards for blacks in northern cities and the empowerment of african american communities
80
mediterranean climate
climate located in mid latitudes btwn lat 30-40 n and south, wet, mild winters and dry warm summers
81
middle latitudes
region located lats 23.5-66.5 n and south
82
migration
patterns of mvmt from one palce to another w intention of settling permanently at new location
83
missouri compromise
1820 legislation that allowed missouri to join the union as a slave state but provided that nay other states north of the thirty-sixth parallel would be free
84
monopoly
control of the market for a good or service by one company or group
85
multinational corporations mncs
companies based in one country w operations in one or more other countries, primary driving forces of globalization
86
natural resource
fresh water, arable land, fuel, livestock, and game
87
Navajo
a pastoral people that controlled territory in present-day arizona, new mexico, utah. decendants of the ancestral pueblo or anasazi, who built cliff dwellings
88
new deal
plan presented by fdr to rescue uth us from great depression, included emergency acts to save the banking system and long term relief for the poor and unemployed
89
nile valley
the fertiel land on the banks of the nile river conducive to agriculture and irrigation
90
nuclear weapons
very powerful weapons that can destroy entire cities, possessed by only a few world powers, first developed by the us and the soviet union
91
opportunity cost
when a consumer makes a choice at the cost of another coice or the value of an opportunity
92
pax romana
a period of stability in the mediterranean region under the roman empire
93
pearl harbor
us military base in hawaii, 1941 japan ataced pearl harbor causing the us to enter wwii
94
perestoika
a term meaning transparacncy referring to soviet reform
95
pharaah
ancient egyptian monarch
96
physical geography
study of natural processes of teh earth
97
plains tribes
sioux, cheyanne, apache, comanche, arapaho who lived in the great plains area, nomadic peoples, depended mainly on the buffalo for sustenance
98
polis
ancient greek work meaning city-state or community
99
political features
towns, cities, country, state, national borders
100
president
head of state and head of teh executive branch, has the power to appoint federal oficials and judges, sign or veto laws, and make foreign policy, he is also teh commander in chief of us armed forces
101
primary socialization
when a child learns the values, actions, and attitudes taht are appropriate for members of his particular culture
102
pyramids
egyptian burial tombs for pharaohs
103
quartering act
1765 law that forced american colonists to provide shelter, even in their homes to british troops stationed in the region
104
regions
parts of world w definable and identifiable characteristics
105
relative location
where a place is located in relation to another place
106
reparations
costly financial compensation charged of germany by the victors of wwi to cover cost of the war
107
samuel adams
radical clonial american rebel, leader of sons and daughters of liberty and committees of correspondence
108
savannah
climate located in teh low latitudes north and south of the rain forest, dry in the winter and wet in the summer, experiencing an avg of 10-3- in of rain
109
scarcity
insufficient supply to meet demand
110
second continental congress
meeting of colonial leaders in phil 1775, when colonial leader agreed on declaring indep and forming usa
111
secondary socialization
occurs when an indv learns the appr values, action, att, and behaviors as a member of a smaller group wi a larger society
112
senate
body of lawmakers in congress w equal representation, two senators are elected to rep each state, upper house of congress, gov body of rep ancient rome as of 509bce
113
separation of powers
lmits powers wi fed gov by div power among three branches, executive, legislative, judicial
114
9-11-01
date us was attacked by terrorist, resulting in thousands of civ causualties and major land wars in afghanistan and iraq
115
shawnee
algonquin speaking people based in ohio valley, shawnee leader Tecumseh led nw confederacy against the us in 1812
116
social regulation
gov reg tha encourages bus to behave reponsibly and prohibits harmful behavior
117
social structures
as relates to geography: org of a society and how social events relate to and affect places, etc
118
socialization
process whereby ind lean skills, beliefs, values, and behavior patterns of society and how these can influence own norms and customs
119
sociology
study of groups, institutions, and society
120
sons and daughters of liberty
colonial rebel protest group that carried out violent acts against tax collectors
121
sparta
ancient greek military city state
122
spatial relationship
how one place is located in relation to another place
123
stamp act
controversial 1765 tax on all published documentation in colonies, first direct tax on colonists
124
steppes/prairie
climate located in the mid lats far from the ocean, characterized by flatlands and minimal rainfall
125
suburbanization
movmt of urban dwellers from cities to live in growing suburbs, semi-rural areas at outskirts of cities
126
sumerians
ancient near eastern peep who emerged around 2500bce, dev irrigation, agr, edu, math, astronomy, relgion, art, lit, city states, governancy, and admin
127
supply
how much product the market can offer
128
susan b anthony
women's rights activist and leader in women's suffrage mvmt, leader at 1848 seneca falls convention
129
system of alliances
complicated diplomatic and military alliances among european powers that led to outbreak and magnitude of wwi
130
taiga
cold climate locatied in gigh lats south of tundra, contains worlds largest forest lands, ext mineral wealth, and many swamps and marshes
131
taxes
money paid by people, org, and companies to gov. money coers gov expenses like fed employees, retirement programs, military. fuels economy
132
tea act
controversial 1773 tax on colonial tea the triggered boston tea party
133
thomas jefferson
colonial leader, architect of declaration of independence, third us pres, jefferson was antifederalist and disapproved of a strong us constitution
134
federalist
person who advocates a system of gov in which sev states unite under a cental authority
135
trail of tears
forced immigration of cherokee and other indians to move from southeast to indian territory (oklahoma), to make way for white settlers following the indian removal act, term decscribes the suffering, poor conditions, and death suffered by many during the migration
136
treaty of versailles
treaty that ended wwi, held germany accountable for entirety of dwar and brought economic hardship to the country by forcing it to pay reparations to the other powers
137
trench warfare
bloody, long term fighting in fortified trenched on the western front during wwi
138
tropical rainforests
moist forsests exhibiting high biodiversity, located mainly in the equatorial lowlands in central africa, southeast asia, and amazon basin
139
tundra
cold climate located in high latitudes north of the taiga, extremely cold and long winters, ground is frozen for most of year and becomes mushy during short summer
140
underground railroad
secret network of safe houses and connections to help southern slaves escape to north and to canada
141
united nations
international organization formed after wwii to prevent another world war, to champion human rights, to uphold international security
142
urban planning
managing the dev and use of cities
143
urbanization
dev of cities, became a feature of human dev at advent of 19th cent industrial rev. when unskilled jobs in factories attracted rural workers to cities, offering them higher wages than an agricultural lifestyle did
144
vice pres
fulfills duties of pres when he unalbe, becomes pres if dies, serves as pres of senate
145
war of 1812
conflict btwn the us, britain, and british allied northwest confederacy (led by shawnee leader tecumseh). us maintained its territorial integrity despite british incursions from canada, meanwhile us gained power in nw (present day ohio valley region) facilitating westward expansion despite resistance from shawnee and other tribes allied with the confederacy
