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MTTC > MTTC: Social Studies Prep > Flashcards

MTTC: Social Studies Prep Flashcards

1
Q

abolitionism

A

ending of slavery

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2
Q

Abe Lincoln

A

first Republican pres. abolitionist. elected in 1860. his election triggered southern secession he led the country through the civil war, but he was assassinated in 1865 before Reconstruction truly began

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3
Q

absolute location

A

a location w/ specific coordinates

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4
Q

Algonquin

A

northeastern native american civilization in the great lakes region

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5
Q

ancient egyptians

A

emerged as early as 5000bce in Nile Valley. known for pyramids, art, papyrus paper, hieroglyphs (pictorial writing), united under one monarch/pharaoh

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6
Q

arms race

A

competitive weapons development btwn US and USSR during 1980s. US intended to outspend the USSR, thereby weakening it

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7
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

original framework of US gov, designed to creat loose confederation btwn colonies whil allowing retainment of individual sovereignty, created intentionally weak, democratic gov

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8
Q

assembly line

A

labor intensive method of production dev by Henry Ford, expedited product’s completion

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9
Q

Assyria

A

sumerian based civilization in near east, est military dominance and played imp role in regional trade

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10
Q

Athens

A

ancient Grek city-state that became revolutionary dem controlled by poor and working classes 460bce, first known democracy

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11
Q

augustus caesar

A

julius caesar’s nephew Octavian who gained control of Rome in 27 bce and became first roman emperor

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12
Q

axis

A

the alliance of germany, italy, Japan WWII

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13
Q

Babylonia

A

sumerian based civ in mesopotamia, dev courts, early codified rule of law…Code of Hammurabi “an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”

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14
Q

Barack Obama

A

first african american pres, elected 2008, ended wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, halted Great Recession, dev programs to provide healthcare to uninsured americans

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15
Q

battle of bunker hill

A

took place on June 17, 1775, causeed king george III to declare colonies were in rebellion

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16
Q

battle of fort sumter

A

Sparked the civil war. 1861 attack on union troops in sumter, sc, by confederate forces shortly after sc seceded from union.

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17
Q

battle of lexington and concord

A

beg of violent conflict btwn american rebel militiamen and british in 1775

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18
Q

battle of yorktown

A

1781 defeat of british forces by continental army w support from france, ending revolutionary war

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19
Q

bill of rights

A

first ten amendments to us constitution, set of guarantees of certain rights enjoyed by americans

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20
Q

boston masacre

A

1770 event in which british troops fired on crown of american protestors

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21
Q

boston tea party

A

1773 protest of tea act in which american colonial protestors disguised as natives tossed tea off a ship in boston harbor

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22
Q

cardinal directions

A

n, s, e, w

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23
Q

cesar chavez

A

civil rights activist, led united farm workers, advocated for hispanic farm workers who faced radical discrimination, poor treatment and low pay

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24
Q

checks and balances

A

each branch of gov has certain powers that limit power of other branches

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25
Q

cherokee

A

se native civ thought to be descended from iroquois, emerged in present day georgia, forced during trail of tears to leave their land and migrate to indian territory, oklahoma

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26
Q

civil rights movement

A

social and political movement for the rights of african americans and other disenfranchised people in the 1960s

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27
Q

cold war

A

period of ongoing tension btwn us and ussr, post wwii global powers, remaind cold bc the two countris never engaged in military confrontation

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28
Q

committees of correspondence

A

colonial rebel protest group that distributed anti-brit propaganda

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29
Q

concentration camps

A

forced labor and death camps where nazis imprisoned and killed jews, roma, slavic, gays, disabled, people of color, pows, communists, and others as part of the Holocaust

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30
Q

congress

A

the branch of the fed gov that makes laws (legeslative branch), technically has most power in government

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31
Q

constitution

A

document that provides framework for the us gov

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32
Q

constitutional convention

A

1787 meeting of states to resolve probs arising from limitations of federal power. decision was made to completely throw out the old articles and write a new governing doc from scratch- the constitution

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33
Q

creek, chicksaw, choctaw

A

major muskogean speaking se native american civ, descendants of mississippi mound builders

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34
Q

cuneiform

A

sumerian development, earliest known example of writng using characters to form words (not pictographs)

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35
Q

conflict

A

process of disagreement, usually resolved when one of the parties receives either the entirety or satisfactory amount of desired goal

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36
Q

cooperation

A

process of working togeter to achieve sim goals

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37
Q

d-day

A

june 6, 1944, us led invasion of normandy invading europe during wwii

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38
Q

declaration of independence

A

issued july 4 1776, doc written by thomas jefferson, and signed by leaders of second continental congress, asserted us independence from britian

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39
Q

demand

A

how much desire there is for a product or service

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40
Q

demokratia

A

ancient greek work meaning people power

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41
Q

desert

A

climate located in low lats n and s of savannah, hottest and driest parts of earth, recieves lass than 10 in of rainfall a year

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42
Q

economic regulation

A

indirect or direct price control by gov

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43
Q

elizabeth cady stanton

A

women’s rights activist, founded national woman suffrage assoc, led 1848 seneca falls convention on women’s rights

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44
Q

emancipation proclamation

A

1863 declaration by president lincoln that slavery was abolished in the rebel states

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45
Q

euro

A

common currency shared by some european countries

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46
Q

european union

A

forum for european countries to org and cooperate politically, militarily, and economically, formed after the cold war to promote european unity

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47
Q

exchange

A

process of giving one thing and receiving another

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48
Q

first continental congress

A

meeting of colonial leaders in phil in 1774, org in response to the intolerable acts, colonial leaders later represented concerns to the king and were rebuffed

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49
Q

four freedoms

A

in the context of the rise of fascism, fdr defined: freedom of speech, religion, from want, from fear

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50
Q

FDR

A

elected to pres 1932, dev new deal, resucing us form great depression, led through wwii

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51
Q

genocide

A

killing people based on ethnicity

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52
Q

geographic features

A

phys features of place like continents, bodies of water, plains, plateaus, mountains, valleys

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53
Q

george washington

A

colonial military leader, gen of continental army, first us president, his able military leadership helped colonies eventually secure independence, political leadership helped keep young country united

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54
Q

glasnost

A

soviet reform meaning openness

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55
Q

government regulation

A

gov involvement in economy to effect an economic or social outcome

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56
Q

great depression

A

global economic collapse tht resulted in widespread poverty and unemployment in us and world

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57
Q

high latitudes

A

lats 66.5 n and s of poles

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58
Q

holocaust

A

dispossession, imprisonment, and murder of at least six million jews, etc.

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59
Q

house of representatives

A

lower house of congress, body of lawmakers in congress w proportional rep reflecting the population of each state

60
Q

human geography

A

study of impact of people on physical world

61
Q

humid continental climate

A

located in med lats, agriculturally productive, true four-season climate

62
Q

humid subtopical climate

A

loc in mid lats, warm, moist climate on coastal areas n and south of tropics that recieve warm ocean currents and warm winds year round

63
Q

indian removal act

A

1830 law forced cherokee, creek, chickasaw, choctaw, and others form their lands in se to indian territory in oklahoma

64
Q

industrialization

A

process of manufacturing, economy transforming from dependence on ag to industrial prod, replacement of hand labor to machines, exponentially increase production

65
Q

institutions

A

extensions of core social values created in response to varying individual and group need, include gov, private enterprise, religious institutions, academic institutions, local communities, and family unit

66
Q

intermediate directions

A

directions btwn cardinal directions

67
Q

intolerable acts

A

1774 acts enforce by britain in response to tensions and violense in colonies, including closing boston harbor and bringing mass back under royal control

68
Q

iron curtain

A

a metaphor for the concept of post wwii europe div btwn east (with communist gov generally aligned w ussr) and west (with democratic capitalist gov generally aligned with us)

69
Q

iroquois

A

nw native american cil in ny and southern ontaio/quebec, confederation of six tribes

70
Q

John adams

A

colonial leader, mem of continental congress, federalist, second us presidnet, brother to radical samuel adams, adams supported strong fed gov and expanded executive power

71
Q

julius caesar

A

roman military leader, forced corrupt senate to give him control and began transitioning rome from a republic to what would become an empire, assassinated in 44bce

72
Q

league of nations

A

largely toothless international org est after wwi and designed to prevent future outbrearks of international war, basis for later united nations

73
Q

low latitudes

A

region from equator to lats 23.5 n and s

74
Q

louisiana purchase

A

1803 purchase of french-controlled territory in na by us, authorized, controversially, by pres jefferson, nearly doubled size of country

75
Q

manifest destiny

A

concept that it was the mission and fate of the us to expand westward and settle the continent

76
Q

marine climate

A

warm and rainy climate located in middle lats in areas near or surrounded by waterss

77
Q

martin luther king jr.

A

civil rights leader who fought for equal rights for african americans, embraced peaceful protest as means to achieve legislative and social change to end segregation btwn black and white americans

78
Q

mass production

A

large scale prod of consumer products, enalbe by the assembly line and factories

79
Q

malcolm x

A

civil rights leader who championed better living standards for blacks in northern cities and the empowerment of african american communities

80
Q

mediterranean climate

A

climate located in mid latitudes btwn lat 30-40 n and south, wet, mild winters and dry warm summers

81
Q

middle latitudes

A

region located lats 23.5-66.5 n and south

82
Q

migration

A

patterns of mvmt from one palce to another w intention of settling permanently at new location

83
Q

missouri compromise

A

1820 legislation that allowed missouri to join the union as a slave state but provided that nay other states north of the thirty-sixth parallel would be free

84
Q

monopoly

A

control of the market for a good or service by one company or group

85
Q

multinational corporations mncs

A

companies based in one country w operations in one or more other countries, primary driving forces of globalization

86
Q

natural resource

A

fresh water, arable land, fuel, livestock, and game

87
Q

Navajo

A

a pastoral people that controlled territory in present-day arizona, new mexico, utah. decendants of the ancestral pueblo or anasazi, who built cliff dwellings

88
Q

new deal

A

plan presented by fdr to rescue uth us from great depression, included emergency acts to save the banking system and long term relief for the poor and unemployed

89
Q

nile valley

A

the fertiel land on the banks of the nile river conducive to agriculture and irrigation

90
Q

nuclear weapons

A

very powerful weapons that can destroy entire cities, possessed by only a few world powers, first developed by the us and the soviet union

91
Q

opportunity cost

A

when a consumer makes a choice at the cost of another coice or the value of an opportunity

92
Q

pax romana

A

a period of stability in the mediterranean region under the roman empire

93
Q

pearl harbor

A

us military base in hawaii, 1941 japan ataced pearl harbor causing the us to enter wwii

94
Q

perestoika

A

a term meaning transparacncy referring to soviet reform

95
Q

pharaah

A

ancient egyptian monarch

96
Q

physical geography

A

study of natural processes of teh earth

97
Q

plains tribes

A

sioux, cheyanne, apache, comanche, arapaho who lived in the great plains area, nomadic peoples, depended mainly on the buffalo for sustenance

98
Q

polis

A

ancient greek work meaning city-state or community

99
Q

political features

A

towns, cities, country, state, national borders

100
Q

president

A

head of state and head of teh executive branch, has the power to appoint federal oficials and judges, sign or veto laws, and make foreign policy, he is also teh commander in chief of us armed forces

101
Q

primary socialization

A

when a child learns the values, actions, and attitudes taht are appropriate for members of his particular culture

102
Q

pyramids

A

egyptian burial tombs for pharaohs

103
Q

quartering act

A

1765 law that forced american colonists to provide shelter, even in their homes to british troops stationed in the region

104
Q

regions

A

parts of world w definable and identifiable characteristics

105
Q

relative location

A

where a place is located in relation to another place

106
Q

reparations

A

costly financial compensation charged of germany by the victors of wwi to cover cost of the war

107
Q

samuel adams

A

radical clonial american rebel, leader of sons and daughters of liberty and committees of correspondence

108
Q

savannah

A

climate located in teh low latitudes north and south of the rain forest, dry in the winter and wet in the summer, experiencing an avg of 10-3- in of rain

109
Q

scarcity

A

insufficient supply to meet demand

110
Q

second continental congress

A

meeting of colonial leaders in phil 1775, when colonial leader agreed on declaring indep and forming usa

111
Q

secondary socialization

A

occurs when an indv learns the appr values, action, att, and behaviors as a member of a smaller group wi a larger society

112
Q

senate

A

body of lawmakers in congress w equal representation, two senators are elected to rep each state, upper house of congress, gov body of rep ancient rome as of 509bce

113
Q

separation of powers

A

lmits powers wi fed gov by div power among three branches, executive, legislative, judicial

114
Q

9-11-01

A

date us was attacked by terrorist, resulting in thousands of civ causualties and major land wars in afghanistan and iraq

115
Q

shawnee

A

algonquin speaking people based in ohio valley, shawnee leader Tecumseh led nw confederacy against the us in 1812

116
Q

social regulation

A

gov reg tha encourages bus to behave reponsibly and prohibits harmful behavior

117
Q

social structures

A

as relates to geography: org of a society and how social events relate to and affect places, etc

118
Q

socialization

A

process whereby ind lean skills, beliefs, values, and behavior patterns of society and how these can influence own norms and customs

119
Q

sociology

A

study of groups, institutions, and society

120
Q

sons and daughters of liberty

A

colonial rebel protest group that carried out violent acts against tax collectors

121
Q

sparta

A

ancient greek military city state

122
Q

spatial relationship

A

how one place is located in relation to another place

123
Q

stamp act

A

controversial 1765 tax on all published documentation in colonies, first direct tax on colonists

124
Q

steppes/prairie

A

climate located in the mid lats far from the ocean, characterized by flatlands and minimal rainfall

125
Q

suburbanization

A

movmt of urban dwellers from cities to live in growing suburbs, semi-rural areas at outskirts of cities

126
Q

sumerians

A

ancient near eastern peep who emerged around 2500bce, dev irrigation, agr, edu, math, astronomy, relgion, art, lit, city states, governancy, and admin

127
Q

supply

A

how much product the market can offer

128
Q

susan b anthony

A

women’s rights activist and leader in women’s suffrage mvmt, leader at 1848 seneca falls convention

129
Q

system of alliances

A

complicated diplomatic and military alliances among european powers that led to outbreak and magnitude of wwi

130
Q

taiga

A

cold climate locatied in gigh lats south of tundra, contains worlds largest forest lands, ext mineral wealth, and many swamps and marshes

131
Q

taxes

A

money paid by people, org, and companies to gov. money coers gov expenses like fed employees, retirement programs, military. fuels economy

132
Q

tea act

A

controversial 1773 tax on colonial tea the triggered boston tea party

133
Q

thomas jefferson

A

colonial leader, architect of declaration of independence, third us pres, jefferson was antifederalist and disapproved of a strong us constitution

134
Q

federalist

A

person who advocates a system of gov in which sev states unite under a cental authority

135
Q

trail of tears

A

forced immigration of cherokee and other indians to move from southeast to indian territory (oklahoma), to make way for white settlers following the indian removal act, term decscribes the suffering, poor conditions, and death suffered by many during the migration

136
Q

treaty of versailles

A

treaty that ended wwi, held germany accountable for entirety of dwar and brought economic hardship to the country by forcing it to pay reparations to the other powers

137
Q

trench warfare

A

bloody, long term fighting in fortified trenched on the western front during wwi

138
Q

tropical rainforests

A

moist forsests exhibiting high biodiversity, located mainly in the equatorial lowlands in central africa, southeast asia, and amazon basin

139
Q

tundra

A

cold climate located in high latitudes north of the taiga, extremely cold and long winters, ground is frozen for most of year and becomes mushy during short summer

140
Q

underground railroad

A

secret network of safe houses and connections to help southern slaves escape to north and to canada

141
Q

united nations

A

international organization formed after wwii to prevent another world war, to champion human rights, to uphold international security

142
Q

urban planning

A

managing the dev and use of cities

143
Q

urbanization

A

dev of cities, became a feature of human dev at advent of 19th cent industrial rev. when unskilled jobs in factories attracted rural workers to cities, offering them higher wages than an agricultural lifestyle did

144
Q

vice pres

A

fulfills duties of pres when he unalbe, becomes pres if dies, serves as pres of senate

145
Q

war of 1812

A

conflict btwn the us, britain, and british allied northwest confederacy (led by shawnee leader tecumseh). us maintained its territorial integrity despite british incursions from canada, meanwhile us gained power in nw (present day ohio valley region) facilitating westward expansion despite resistance from shawnee and other tribes allied with the confederacy

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