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MTTC > MTTC: Science > Flashcards

MTTC: Science Flashcards

1
Q

acceleration

A

how quickly an object changes velocity

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2
Q

acid

A

a compound that is able to contribute a hydrogen ion and has. pH lower than 7

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3
Q

adaptations

A

adjustments to the environment

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4
Q

agrology

A

the study of the relationship between soil and agriculture

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5
Q

amphibians

A

a class of cold-blooded vertebrate animals that have gills when they hatch but develop lungs in adulthood

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6
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of living organisms

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7
Q

asexual

A

does not require the union of sex cells to reproduce

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8
Q

asteroid

A

a large rocky body, smaller than a planet, that orbits the sun

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9
Q

atmosphere

A

the mass of gases that surround Earth

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10
Q

atom

A

the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains the properties of the element

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11
Q

atomic mass

A

the mass of an atom calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons

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12
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

attraction

A

a force that draws objects closer

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14
Q

base

A

a compound that is able to contribute a hydroxide ion and has a pH greater than 7

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15
Q

biomass

A

plant-based fuel, usually burned, for generating heat, steam, or electricity

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16
Q

biomes

A

large geographic areas that provide the environment condition in which certain organisms live

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17
Q

black holes

A

a massive star that has collapsed and has a gravitational force so strong that light cannot escape

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18
Q

cell

A

the smallest living part of an organism

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19
Q

cell division

A

the separation of a cell into two cells with identical genes

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20
Q

cell membrane

A

the outer covering of a cell

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21
Q

chemical change

A

making of breaking chemical bonds between atoms in a chemical reaction

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22
Q

classification

A

sorting according to characteristics

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23
Q

climate

A

an area’s weather conditions over time

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24
Q

combustion

A

a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide and water, usually from the burning of fuels

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25
Q

comet

A

a small object made of ice and dust that orbits the sun

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26
Q

communities

A

interdependent organisms living together in a habitat

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27
Q

compound

A

a combination of two or more elements

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28
Q

conclusions

A

inferences based on data collected in an experiment

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29
Q

condensation

A

the process when water vapor in the air comes in contact with a cold surface and turns into liquid water

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30
Q

conduction

A

the transfer of heat through physical contact

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31
Q

conductivity

A

a property that determines how well a material conducts electricity and heat

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32
Q

connections

A

linking prior knowledge with new information

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33
Q

conservation

A

protecting the environment and natural resources

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34
Q

controls

A

the parts of an experiment that stay the same

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35
Q

convection

A

transfer of heat that occurs in a circular motion caused by heat rising and cold sinking

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36
Q

core

A

the layer at the center of the earth

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37
Q

covalent bonding

A

a chemical bond in which electrons are shared

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38
Q

data presentation

A

an organized display of data

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39
Q

density

A

a property of matter that can be determined by dividing mass by volume

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40
Q

dependent variable

A

part of an experiment that responds to, or depends on, the independent variable

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41
Q

deposition

A

the laying down of sediment in a new location

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42
Q

disciplines

A

areas of science

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43
Q

DNA

A

deocyribonucleic acid (carries genetic information)

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44
Q

Doppler Effect

A

the change in wavelength when waves are compressed as an object approaches an observer and spread out as the object moves away from the observer

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45
Q

Earth system

A

the interaction of all physical, chemical, and biological components

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46
Q

earthquake

A

breaking of rock below the surface that releases energy

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47
Q

eclipse

A

when Earth, the moon, and sun, align so that light from one object is blocked

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48
Q

ecosystem

A

a community of organisms and their interaction with each other and the environment

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49
Q

edaphology

A

the study of how soils affect living things, especially plants

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50
Q

electricity

A

the energy of moving electrons

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51
Q

electron

A

subatomic particle with a negative charge found outside the nucleus of an atom

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52
Q

elements

A

substances make of one type of atom

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53
Q

energy conservation

A

controlling energy consumption

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54
Q

equilibrium

A

a state of balance

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55
Q

erosion

A

the movement of sediments from one place to another

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56
Q

evaporation

A

the process of changing from a liquid to a gas

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57
Q

evolution

A

the progressive changes of living things throughout Earth’s history

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58
Q

experimental design

A

an experiment that includes an objective, standard protocols, a control group, and independent and dependent variables

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59
Q

experimental error

A

mistakes made during an experiment caused by limitations of the equipment or external influences

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60
Q

food chain

A

producers, consumers, predators, and decomposers that live interdependently in an ecosystem

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61
Q

force

A

any push or pull on an object

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62
Q

fossil fuels

A

nonrenewable fuels made from organisms that lived millions of years ago

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63
Q

friction

A

the force of one object resisting another

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64
Q

function

A

the activity of a part of an organism

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65
Q

geology

A

the study of Earth

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66
Q

geothermal

A

converting heat from below the earth’s surface to make steam

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67
Q

galaxy

A

a large system of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity

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68
Q

generator

A

a device that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy

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69
Q

genetic

A

hereditary

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70
Q

genetic disorder

A

a hereditary abnormality that creates a health condition

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71
Q

genus

A

the level of taxonomic classification that ranks above species

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72
Q

glacier

A

a large mass of slowly moving ice and snow

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73
Q

gravity

A

the attraction of one mass to another mass

74
Q

greenhouse gases

A

gases that trap heat in the atmosphere

75
Q

groundwater

A

water that is stored underground in rock layers called aquifers

76
Q

homeostasis

A

regulation and stabilization of internal conditions

77
Q

hurricane

A

a large, violent storm with winds greater than 74mph

78
Q

hydrology

A

the study of water

79
Q

hydropower

A

transforms the energy of moving water into mechanical energy and then electricity

80
Q

hydrosphere

A

the water found on and below Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere

81
Q

hypothesis

A

an educated guess

82
Q

icebergs

A

a large chunk of ice that has broken off from a continental glacier and is floating in the ocean

83
Q

independent variables

A

part of an experiment that is manipulated to test the effect on the dependent variable

84
Q

inheritance

A

a feature passed down from one generation to the next

85
Q

inquiry

A

questioning

86
Q

interdependence

A

two or more things that rely on each other

87
Q

ionic bonding

A

a chemical bond that involves the attraction between two ions with unlike charges

88
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy of motion

89
Q

kingdom

A

the highest level of taxonomic classification

90
Q

laws

A

descriptions of scientific phenomenon

91
Q

leaves

A

the part of a plant where photosynthesis takes place

92
Q

life cycles

A

the stages of life in an organism

93
Q

loudness

A

the amplitude of a sound wave

94
Q

mammals

A

a class of warm-blooded vertebrate animals that have hair, give birth to live young, and produce milk

95
Q

mantle

A

the layer of earth below the crust

96
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter in an object

97
Q

matter

A

any substance that takes up space and has mass

98
Q

measurement tools

A

equipment used to collect data

99
Q

mechanics

A

the science of energy and force

100
Q

medical technology

A

research and development for improving patient care

101
Q

medicine

A

pharmaceuticals used to treat or prevent medical conditions

102
Q

meteorlogy

A

the study of the atmosphere and weather

103
Q

mixtures

A

two or more substances combined without a chemical reaction to bond them

104
Q

models

A

representations of the real world

105
Q

molecules

A

two or more atoms bonded together

106
Q

moon

A

a large body that orbits a planet

107
Q

mutation

A

a change in genetic information that may be passed on to future generations

108
Q

natural selection

A

Darwin’s theory that living things that adapt to their environment have a higher survival rate and produce more offspring

109
Q

neutralization

A

a chemical reaction that occurs when an acid and a base react to form a salt and water

110
Q

neutron

A

subatomic particle with no charge found within the nucleus of an atom

111
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion, unless a force acts on it

112
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

force equals mass multiplied by acceleration; F=ma

113
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

114
Q

nonrenewable resources

A

resources that take millions of years to replenish (oil, natural gas, and coal)

115
Q

nuclear power

A

energy stored in large atoms that is released when large atoms are broken into smaller atoms

116
Q

nucleus

A

the center of a cell that contains DNA

117
Q

oceanography

A

the study of oceans

118
Q

optics

A

the study of light

119
Q

organ

A

a body part that serves an important function in a system

120
Q

organ systems

A

groups of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

121
Q

organism

A

a living thing

122
Q

oxidation

A

a chemical change in which a substance loses electrons

123
Q

paleontology

A

the study of the history of life through fossils

124
Q

parasitism

A

a relationship between two organisms when one organism benefits to the detriment of the other

125
Q

pedology

A

the study of soils in their natural environment

126
Q

the periodic table

A

a table of chemical elements listed in order by atomic number

127
Q

pH scale

A

a standard measure of acidity or alkalinity where 7 is neutral

128
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process by which energy from sunlight is used to make food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water

129
Q

physical change

A

change in a substance that does not change the composition of the substance

130
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of living organisms

131
Q

pitch

A

the frequency of vibrations

132
Q

planet

A

a large body in space that orbits a star

133
Q

plants

A

a kingdom or organisms that make food using photosynthesis

134
Q

plate tectonics

A

a theory that Earth is made of large crustal plates that move over its surface

135
Q

polar ice

A

regions at the North and South Poles covered in ice

136
Q

poles

A

the ends of a magnet

137
Q

populations

A

a group of organisms of the same species

138
Q

potential energy

A

the amount of energy of an object due to its position

139
Q

precipitation

A

any form of water that falls from the sky

140
Q

predators

A

animals that kill other animals for food

141
Q

prey

A

an organism that is hunted and killed for food

142
Q

property

A

a characteristic

143
Q

protons

A

subatomic particle with a positive electric charge found within the nucleus of an atom

144
Q

radiation

A

transfer of heat without a medium

145
Q

reflection

A

to change the direction of a wave by bouncing the wave off a surface

146
Q

refraction

A

the bending of a wave as the wave travels through different media

147
Q

reliability

A

the extent to which the results remain the same if an experiment is repeated

148
Q

renewable resources

A

resources that replenish quickly

149
Q

reproduction

A

the process of making a copy

150
Q

reptiles

A

a class of cold-blooded vertebrates that have scales and lay eggs on land

151
Q

repulsion

A

a force that pushes objects away

152
Q

results

A

outcomes

153
Q

rock record

A

a biological history of earth recorded in rocks

154
Q

roots

A

the part of a plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil

155
Q

sexual

A

requires the union of gametes (sex cells) to reproduce

156
Q

solar energy

A

converts energy from the sun into electricity

157
Q

solar system

A

a system that includes a star or stars, along with planets, moons, asteroids, meteoroids, and comets, that is held together by gravity

158
Q

solubility

A

the amount of a solute that will dissolve in a solvent

159
Q

solution

A

the answer to a problem

160
Q

solutions

A

a mixture that is evenly distributed and thorougly dissolved

161
Q

species

A

the most specific level of taxonomic classification in which organisms with similar genetics can breed

162
Q

speed

A

distance divided by time

163
Q

stars

A

large masses of gas

164
Q

stem

A

the main stalk of a plant that carries the nutrients and water from the roots to other parts of the plant

165
Q

structure

A

the organization of a part of an organism

166
Q

sun

A

the star in our solar system

167
Q

territoriality

A

animal behavior of defending a specific area

168
Q

theories

A

principles explained by science

169
Q

tides

A

the movement of large bodies of water caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun

170
Q

tissue

A

groups of cells that have a similar function

171
Q

traits

A

characteristics

172
Q

units of measurement

A

nonstandard, metric, and us customary are systems of measurement; science uses the metric system

173
Q

velocity

A

the rate at which an object changes position; change of distance divided by change of time

174
Q

volcanoes

A

vents in Earth’s crust that allow molten rock to reach the surface

175
Q

water cycle

A

the circulation of water throughout Earth’s surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere

176
Q

wave

A

a pulse of energy

177
Q

weather

A

daily atmospheric conditions

178
Q

weathering

A

the mechanical and/or chemical process by which rocks break down

179
Q

weight

A

the force of the gravitational pull on an object

180
Q

wind energy

A

energy from the wind is transformed into mechanical energy and then electricity

MTTC (4 decks)

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