MTC Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards
Tetracycline
binds small 30S subunit and inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA
Chloramphenicol
inhibits peptidyl transferase activity of large subunit (50S)
can cause problem w/ human mito
Erythromycin
binds reversibly to the large subunit (50S) and inhibits translocation/peptidyl transferase
Streptomycin
inhibits initiation and causes misreading of RNA
distorts A site on 30S
Hemocytoblasts
multipotent circulating stem cells –> produce blood cells
MCV
avg size of RBC, used to classify anemias
RDW
red blood cell distribution width
high RDW associated w/
–anemia
–deficiency (Fe, B12, folate)
anisocytosis
variation in RBC size
buffy coat
WBC + platelets
MCV
Normal
Dec
Inc
Normal: normocytic anemia (renal disease – low erythropoietin/anemia of chronic inflammatory disease)
Dec: microcytic (Fe deficiency, bleeding, thalassemia)
Inc: macrocytic (B12/folate deficiency)
High Hgb
Low Hgb
High: polycythemia
Low: anemia
Hematocrit eqn
RBC x MCV
Thalassemia
microcytic anemia w/ NORMAL RDW
Thrombocytopenia
dec number of platelets
Thrombocytosis
inc number of platelets
Rate of platelet formation stimulated by
thrombopoietin
thrombocyte stimulating factor
IL-6
M-CSF
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
low levels of platelets
easy bruising/bleeding
kolionychia
spoon nails
associated w/ anemia
glossitis
smooth tongue
Fe, vit B deficiency
–not enough resources to make papillae
hereditary tenlangiectasia
red marks near mouth
lose blood
located on mucosal surfaces
associated w/ anemia
what numbers show 3:1 ratio
important when determining anemia
RBC (4)
Hb conc (12)
Hematocrit % (36)
Bacterial infection results in elevated
segs
neutrophils
Infection – elevation of…
bands (immature WBC released due to need)
Left shift
Mononucleosis – elevated levels of
monocytes
atypical lymphocytes
Viral infections – elevated
lymphocytes
Allergies/parasitic infections – elevated…
eosinophils
Leukemia – elevated
inc WBC of ONE TYPE
other blood lines affected (crowded out)
prone to infections due to nonfunctional WBCs
ANC =
(% bands + % seg neutrophils) (total WBC per uL)
Neutropenia
less than 1000 uL ANC
- -after chemo
- -reach lowest pt 2 wks after chemo
Hb
13.5 - 18.0 g/dL
HCT
40.0 - 52.0 %
MCV
80-100 fL
RDW
12.0-17.0 %
Platelets
150-400 thousand/uL
WBC
4.0 - 11.0 thousand/ uL
Neutrophils (segs)
2.0-8.0 thousand/uL
56%
if rash does not blanch,
bruises
blood is not inside vessels
can occur w/ meningitis
Malathion poisoning
inhibit AchE activity of NMJ
Gout
excessive accumulation of uric acid in joints
Thiamin deficiency
inhibits activity of aldehyde transfer rxns (oxidative decarboxylation, dehydrogenase, transketolase rxns)
Leads to dry or wet beriberi