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MBBS S1 > MTC > Flashcards

MTC Flashcards

1
Q

Competitive binding (in regards to drugs) means

A

That a drug is competing with a natural substrate for an active site

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2
Q

Reversible inhibition occurs when a drug binds via which type of bonds

A

Non-covalent intermolecular

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3
Q

Irreversible inhibition occurs when a drug binds via which type of bonds

A

Covalent

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4
Q

Esters hydrolyse into what

A

Carboxyllic acids

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5
Q

True/False: Drugs that irreversibly bind are not-toxic

A

False, drugs that bind irreversibly are usually toxic

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6
Q

Toxic/irreversibly binding agents are useful as what type of agent/drug

A

Chemotherapeutic, invading pathogen killing agents

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7
Q

Lipinski’s rule of 5 (relating to oral drugs) is

A
  1. Less than 5 H-bond donors (OH, NH)
  2. Less than 10 H-bond acceptors (O, N)
  3. Molecular weight less than 500 g/mol
  4. Partition co-efficient (Log P) less than 5
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8
Q

Enteral route means

A

Via oral administration

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9
Q

Parenteral route means

A

Via intravenous injection

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10
Q

What type of molecule passes through lipid bilayer

A

Small, uncharged, non-polar molecules

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11
Q

What are prodrugs

A

Inactive compounds that are converted into active drugs within the body

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12
Q

What is a conformer

A

Different geometry resulting from rotation around a C-C single bond

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13
Q

What are two examples of conformations

A

Staggered and eclipsed

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14
Q

What are constitutional isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

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15
Q

What are stereoisomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different 3d arrangement (e.g. cis/trans groups)

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16
Q

What are diastereoisomers

A

Stereoisomers that are not complete mirror images of one another

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17
Q

What are chiral compounds/enantiomers

A

Compounds that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another

18
Q

Which protein derived amino acid is NOT chiral

A

Glycine

19
Q

What kind of configuration do all naturally derived amino acids (except glycine) have

A

L-configuration

20
Q

What is the CIP system used for

A

Specifying configuration around a stereocentre

21
Q

What is the Fischer system used for

A

Specifying configuration of an amino acid

22
Q

In terms of protein structure, what does primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary mean

A

Primary: amino acid chain
Secondary: a-helices or b-sheets
Tertiary: multiple secondary structures
Quaternary: multiple tertiary structure subunits

23
Q

What determines the overall chirality of aldohexoses

A

The position of the OH group on the penultimate carbon

24
Q

What kind of configuration do all naturally derived aldohexoses have

A

D-configuration at the penultimate carbon

25
Q

What are cyclic stereoisomers known as

A

Anomers

26
Q

Living cells are composed of what 4 major compound groups

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Fats
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
27
Q

Carbohydrates form

A

Sugar molecules

28
Q

Fats form

A

Larger structures, make up lipid bilayer etc

29
Q

Proteins are made up of

A

Amino acid combinations

30
Q

Nucleic acids are formed from what

A

4 types of nucleotide monomers

31
Q

Most macromolecules are formed by

A

Condensation (removal of water)

32
Q

Most macromolecules are broken down by

A

Hydrolysis (addition of water)

33
Q

What is the generic formula for carbohydrates

A

Cn(H2O)n

34
Q

What are the 4 categories of biologically important carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose),
disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose),
oligosaccharides (3-20),
polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose)

35
Q

What are epimers

A

Stereoisomers that differ in the position of an OH group at only 1 asymmetrical/chiral carbon

36
Q

Lactose is formed by which two monosaccharides and by what type of linkage

A

Glucose and galactose, formed by a 1,4 beta glycosidic linkage

37
Q

Sucrose is formed by which two monosaccharides and by what type of linkage

A

Glucose and lactose, formed by 1,2 alpha glycosidic linkage

38
Q

Maltose is formed by which two monosaccharides and by what type of linkage

A

Glucose and glucose, formed by 1,4 alpha glycosidic linkage

39
Q

Which polysaccharide of glucose is branched

A

Starch

40
Q

Which polysaccharide of glucose is HIGHLY branched

A

Glycogen

41
Q

Which polysaccharide of glucose NOT branched

A

Cellulose

42
Q

How do non-branched polysaccharides retain structure (which type of bond does it use)

A

Hydrogen bonds between parallel layers of cellulose molecules

MBBS S1 (4 decks)

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